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Science Ch. 11

QuestionAnswer
The inner planets are those closest to the _____. They are also called the _____ _____. Sun, terrestrial planets
The inner planets are made of _____ and metallic materials. rock
The outer layers of the inner planets are in the ____ state. solid
_____ is the closest planet closest to the Sun. Mercury
Mercury has no gases close to its surface, which means it has no______. atmosphere
Because of its small mass, Mercury's ______ is not strong enough to hold to its surface. gravity
Because Mercury has no wind to move energy from place to place, the temperatures on the side of Mercury facing the Sun are always extremely ____. hot
Mercury's surface is covered with __ ____, smooth plains, and high cliffs. impact craters
_____ is the second planet from the Sun. Venus
venus ______ more slowly than it revolves, so a day on venus is longer than a year on earth. rotates
Unlike most other planets, venus rotates from ____ to _____. east, west
Most of venus's atmosphere is made up of _____ ______. carbon dioxide
Venus is covered by a thick layer of ______. clouds
The clouds on Venus are made of ______. acid
Venus is the _____ planet in the solar system. hottest
the high temperatures on Venus are caused by the ____ _____ greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect increases surface temperature because the _____ _____ traps solar energy carbon dioxide
Most of the surface of Venus is covered by solidified ______ lava
The third planet from the Sun is _____. Earth
Earth's atmosphere is made up of ___ ____ and a mixture of gasas. water vapor
the atmosphere produces a _______ ____ that increases Earth's average surface temperature. greenhouse effect
_____ s supported on Earth because of its atmosphere, large bodies of liquid water, and moderate temperature range. Life
Earth ahs a solid inner core and a _____ outer core. liquid
the ____ surrounds the outer core mantle
Earth's crust is broken into large sliding _____ plates
Mars is the ____ planet from the Sun. fourth
Many probes have examined the surface of Mars; most have looked for signs of _____. water
Ice caps on Mars are made up of ice and frozen ____ ____. carbon dioxide
Features on Mars's surface include craters, lava flows, canyons, and the largest known _____ in the solar system. volcano
The outer planets are made of materials that are usually ____ on Earth. gases
Gravitational forces produced by the large sizes of these planets change gases into _____. liquids
_____ is the largest planet in the solar system. Jupiter
Although it takes 12 years to revolve around the Sun, Jupiter _____ faster than any other planet rotates
jupiter has a system of _____ around it. rings
Jupiter's rotation stretches its clouds into colorful ____ _____ swirling bands
The ___ ____ ____ on jupiter is a storm that has lasted more than 300 years Great Red Spot
the four largest moons of Jupiter are called the ____ ____. Galilean moons
Like Jupiter, saturn rotates _____ and has clouds in bands rapidly
Saturn has the largest ____ system in the solar system ring
Saturn has ____ bands of rings, each of which contains thousands of smaller rings. seven
The rings are made mainly of ___ particles ice
Most of Saturn's moons are small, but one of them,____, is larger than the planet Mercury Titan
Venus rotates ______ backwards
Uranus might have a rocky ______ core
Which planet has the greenhouse effect on steroids? (Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Earth) Jupiter
The rotational axis of Uranus is _____ more than the other planets tilted
the atmosphere and interior of neptune are similar to _____ Uranus
A dwarf planet is a sphere that orbits a ____ star
A dwarf planet has objects similar in _____ orbiting near it or crossing its orbital path mass
The dwarf planets in the solar system are ____, Ceres, Eris, Makemake, and Haumea Pluto
Asteroids orbit the Sun in a band between _____ and Jupiter Mars
Asteroids are chunks of rock and ____ ice
comets are made up of rocks, ice, and ____ dust
_____ between the particles in a comet holds it together Gravity
comets ____ the Sun in long elliptical orbits orbit
As a comet approaches the Sun, a bright ____ can develop on the comet tail
The ______ is the solid, inner part of a comet nucleus
As the comet approaches the Sun, it heats, changing some ice in the nucleus into a ____ gas
Energy from the Sun pushes gas and dust particles away from the nucleus and makes it ______ glow
A small, rocky particle that moves through space is a _____ meteoroid
As it passes through Earth's atmosphere, friction with the air makes a meteoroid and the air around it ____ glow
A streak of light in the atmosphere made by a glowing meteoroid is a _____ meteor
Most meteoroids ____ up in the atmosphere burn
a meteoroid that strikes the surface of a planet or a moon is called a _____ meteorite
A meteorite can form a bowl- shaped depression called a ______ ____ in the surface it strikes impact crater
The ____ in the solar system orbit the Sun planets
the Sun and the objects that orbit it make up the ____ ____ solar system
the largest object in the solar system is the _____ Sun
he Sun is a star made up of mostly ___ gas. hydrogen
____ _____ produces enormous amounts of energy in the Sun. nuclear fusion
The largest object in the solar system is the _____ Sun
_____ _____ produces enormous amounts of energy in the Sun Nuclear Fusion
The Sun is a star made up mostly of _____ gas. hydrogen
Objects that orbit the Sun include planets, dwarf planets, asteroids, and _____. These objects _____ the Sun's light. comets, reflect
Objects orbit the Sun because it applies ______ forces on them. gravitational
A planet has a nearly ______ shape spherical
the mass of a planet is much ____ than the mass of nearby objects larger
There are ____ planets in the solar system eight
The four planets closest to the sun are called the ____- planets inner
Inner planets are made mainly from ____ ____ materials solid rocky
The four planets farthest from the Sun are called the ____ planets outer
Outer planets are made mostly of ice and ____ gases
Because the outer planets are much larger than the inner planets, they are sometimes called___ ___ gas giants
A ____ ____ is a spherical object that orbits the Sun, is not the moon of another planet, and has less mass any of the other planets dwarf planet
Millions of small, rocky objects called _____ orbit the sun in a belt between Mars and Jupiter asteroids
A ____ orbits the sun in an oval- shaped orbit and is made of dust, gas, and ice comet
The _______ ______ is used to measure long distances in the solar system astronomical unit
One astronomical unit (AU)is the average distance from Earth to the ____ Sun
One way an object in the solar system moves is by orbiting, or ____, around another object revolving
the amount of time it takes an object to revolve once around the sun is its ____ __ ______ period of revolution
Objects in the solar system also spin, or _____ rotate
the time it takes an object to rotate once is its ___ ___ ____ period of rotation
The shape of a planet's orbit is an _____, which is a stretched-out circle ellipse
The Sun is at one of the _____ of the ellipse, so the distance between a planet and the Sun changes as the planet moves foci
A planet moves ______ when it is closer to the Sun than when it is farther away. faster
What is the order of the eight planets? Starting form the Sun Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
determine the shape of the ellipse foci
what are five dwarf planets that we talked about? Pluto, Ceres, Makemake, eris, Haumea
Created by: caolmer
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