Psychology
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| Consciousness | STATE of AWARENESS of OURSELVES and the WORLD around us
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| States of Consciousness | LEVELS of consciousness RANGING from ALERT wakefulness to UNCONSCIOUS during sleep throughout the day/sleep
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| Selectivity | ABILITY to DIRECT our ATTENTION to CERTAIN events while FILTERING out extraneous stimuli
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| Sleeping & Dreaming | UNAWARE of our EXTERNAL environment, yet RESPONSIVE to CERTAIN stimuli
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| How can lowest level of consciousness be achieved? | head trauma, coma or anesthesia
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| How much of our life is spent sleeping? | 1/3
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| Circadian Rythm | PATTERN of FLUCTUATIONS in body TEMP, HORMONES, BLOOD PRESSURE. REGULATE bodily PROCESSES in a 24 hour period(body temp falls lower in the middle of the night)
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| Protective Function(sleep) | less conspicuous to predators
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| To Conserve Energy Function(sleep) | lower body temperature and allows for warmer temperature during the day
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| Restore Bodily Processes Function(sleep) | help replenish proteins used by the body & for the brain to recover from daily wear-n-tear
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| Freud's Belief in Dreams | dreams REPRESENT a form of wish FULFILLMENT, our dreams contain SYMBOLS that represent underlying WISHES, usually of a SEXUAL or AGGRESSIVE nature
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| Define Sleep Deprivation | most adults REQUIRE 7-9 hours, sleep patterns CHANGE throughout the life cycle
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| Stage 1 of Sleep | LIGHT sleep, EASILY awakened
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| Stage 2 of Sleep | DEEPER sleep, still READILY awakened
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| Stage 3 of Sleep | DEEP sleep, DIFFICULT to AROUSE sleeper
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| Stage 4 of Sleep | DEEPEST level
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| REM(Rapid Eye Movement)-Paradoxical Sleep | eyes MOVE under CLOSED lids; DREAMING occurs; HIGH level of BRAIN ACTIVITY but MUSCLE activity is BLOCKED, almost being PARALYZED
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| Classical Conditioning-Ivan Pavlov- | LEARNED by RESPONSE
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| Unconditioned Response(CC) | UNLEARNED BEHAVIOR; dog salivates while eating
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| Unconditioned Stimulus(CC) | STIMULUS that INITIATED RESPONSE; the dog's food
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| Neutral Stimulus(CC) | does NOT elicit response by ITSELF, when PAIRED with Unconditioned Response, subject ACQUIRES a LEARNED RESPONSE
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| Conditioned Response(CC) | RESPONSE to the NEUTRAL stimulus; sound
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| Path of Classical Conditioning | a previously Neutral Stimulus BECOMES a Conditional Stimulus when PAIRED with an Unconditioned Stimulus, it BEGINS to ELICIT the Conditioned Response
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| What did Pavlov observe? | the STRENGTH of the Conditioned Response; AMOUNT of SALIVATION
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| Extinction(CC) | gradual WEAKENING & eventual DISSAPEARANCE of a Conditional Response
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| Spontaneous Recovery(CC) | the spontaneous RETURN of a Conditioned Response FOLLOWING Extinction
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| Stimulus Generalization(CC) | tendency of STIMULI that are SIMILAR to Conditional Stimulus to ELICIT a Conditioned Response. this has SURVIVAL value, allows us to RESPOND to a RANGE of STIMULI that are SIMILAR to an ORIGINAL threatening STIMULUS
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| Deja-Vu(CC) | an EMOTIONAL REACTION that is a Conditioned Response to GENERALIZED stimuli in the environment that RESEMBLED Conditioned Stimuli ENCOUNTERED BEFORE
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| John Watson(CC) | FEAR RESPONSE; rat coupled with loud noise elicit Conditioned emotional reaction
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| Phobias(CC)-John Watson- | EXCESSIVE fears that may be ACQUIRED through Classical Conditioning
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| Operant Conditioning | the PROCESS of LEARNING in which the CONSEQUENCES of a response DETERMINE the PROBABILITY that the RESPONSE will be REPEATED
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| B.F. Skinner(OC) | believed human BEHAVIOR is completely DETERMINED by ENVIRONMENTAL and GENETIC influences
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| Radical Behaviorism(OC)-Skinner- | ENVIRONMENTAL & GENETIC influence in BEHAVIOR; Psychologists should LIMIT themselves to the STUDY of OBSERVABLE BEHAVIOR
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| Instrumental Learning(OC) | behavior is INSTRUMENTAL in bringing about REWARDING consequences. the LONGER reinforcement is DELAYED, the WEAKER it's EFFECTS will be
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| Reinforcer(OC) | STIMULUS or EVENT that INCREASES the PROBABILITY that the RESPONSE it FOLLOWS will be REPEATED
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| Positive Reinforcement(OC) | raising hand and being called on
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| Negative Reinforcement(OC) | buckling up because of annoying beep in car
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| Cognitive Learning | LEARNING that occurs WITHOUT the opportunity of FIRST PERFORMING the learned response or being reinforced for it
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| Insight Learning(CL) | PROCESS of WORKING through a PROBLEM until the sudden REALIZATION of a SOLUTION occurs; math
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| Latent Learning(CL) | occurs WITHOUT REINFORCEMENT and that is NOT displayed until REINFORCEMENT is PROVIDED; athletes getting no ice time
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| Observational Learning(CL) | LEARNING by IMITATING BEHAVIOR we OBSERVE in OTHERS; they are considered the MODEL; VICARIOUS learning or MODELING
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spanish09
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