microbiology final
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| what is smaller than a virus | A prion
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| what is the function of bacterial endospores | help keep bacteria alive in harsh conditions
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| organisms that cause malaria and crypto | Protozoa
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| Microorganism that live off dead or decaying material | Saphrocytes
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| binary fission refers to | process of bacterial cell replication
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| concept that disease is caused by microorganism | germ theory
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| What is resent in viruses | DNA/RNA, unable to replicate w/o a host cell. Do not divide by binary fission, can't make their own energy and depend on host for protein and nucleic acid production
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| Spontaneous generation | living things arise from nonliving things
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| Found in Eukaryotic and not in Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, also larger than prokaryotes
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| Bacteria that is round and in chains | Strepto (chain) cocci (round)
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| What is cutaneous mycosis | Ringworm (tinea)
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| Scientific name | Bacillius sabtilis (italicized)
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| cause of spongiform encephalopathies | prion
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| Escherichia coli infect what? | T-even phages
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| Causes latent viral infection | herpesvirus
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| infectious mononucleiosis | Epstein Barr
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| Targets CD-4 cells | HIV
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| Who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in air prior to surgery? | Joseph Lister
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| Acid fast stain is used to determine | TB
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| What stucture is mismatched for bacteria | Plasmid-provide cell locomotion (flagella cause locomotion)
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| Function of fimbrae | adhering to other sttuctures
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| Obligate parasite | ringworm
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| pasteur used swam neck to prove | dust was a source of living organisms
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| key feature of animal viral infections | separation of viral nucleic acid from capsid
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| observed handwashing would reduce spread of childbed fever | Semmelweis
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| After gram staining appears blue, elongated rods that is clustered | gram positive bacilli
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| reproductive structure of yeast | Budding
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| lives on or in person | indigenous microflora
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| Fleming is known for | Penicillin
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| microorganism is defined as | too small to be seen with the naked eye
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| outcome of gram staingin | positive or negative depending on cell wall thickness
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| what is not considered in classifying virus | number of genes
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| what is not true of virus | replicate from binary fission
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| having a nucleus | Eukaryotes
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| Dutch merchant that made magnifying glass | Leewhenhook
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| ability to exist as trop or cyst | Protozoa
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| not characteristic of fungi | photosynthesis
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| what is mycosis | fungal infection
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| flagella all over cells | Peritrich
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| Koch's postulates are used to establish | specific microbes cause specific diseases
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| what causes intoxication | algae
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| all bacterial cells have | one or more chromosomes
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| viral multiplication | absorption, penetration, replication, assembly, release
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| bacterial cells do not have | Cilia
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| Oncovirus | cause CA, HPV
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| infectious protein particles | Prions
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| Molds reproduce | Spores
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| Core of every virus always contains | either DNA or RNA
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| peptidoglycan is found | cell walls
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| false about viruses | contain DNA and RNA (only one)
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| virulence factor | weapon or tactic that causes infection
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| C. perfringins | food poisoning
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| streptococccus pyrogenes | skin infection/strep throat
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| incidence | Number of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time
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| endemic disease | always in the population(gonorrhea)
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| Sporadic disease | a disease that occurs only occasionally in a population (tetnus)
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| reserviors | where pathogens are harbored (animals, humans, contaminated food/water)
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| vector | Arthropods that act as reservoirs (lyme)
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| Formites | non-living objects that transmit pathogens (towels, bedding, telephone)
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| highest mode of transmission | respiratory
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| lest likely mode of transmission | intact skin
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| antibiotics | substance produced from a living organism that can kill another organism
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| antimicrobial agents | should kill/inhibit growth, not cause damage to host, stay in infected tissue long enough, kill pathogen
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| actions of antimicrobial agents | inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit protein synthesis, damage cell membrane. DO NOT destroy capsule
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| bacteriostatic durgs | stop the bacteria from reproducing but do not kill it. don't give to immunocompromised pt
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| sulfa drugs | inhibit production of folic acid
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| drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis | penicillin and cephalosporin
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| super bugs | microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial agents
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| B-lactamase | produced by bacteria to inhibit the b-lactam ring, causing the drug to be ineffective
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| conjunction | when a microorganism "shares" drug resistant information with another microorganism through a plasmid
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| empiric therapry | drug therapy that is started before lab results are back
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| artificial active immunity | immunity received through vaccination (flu shot)
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| herd immunity | if everyone who is able to be immunized from a pathogen it protects those who cannot be immunized due to age or immunocompromised
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| HAI | mainly UTI, also called nosocomial
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| Surgical Asepsis | "sterile technique", all organisms including endospores are killed. for OR, L&D
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| medical Asepsis | "clean technique" kills pathogens.
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| Normal flora | on skin, mouth, nasal passages and distal urethra. Blood, lungs, CSF sterile
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| Carriers | people who harbor a pathogen without showing symptoms of the disease
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| Synergistic infection, polyorganism | when two organisms team up to cause a disease (trench mouth)
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| Lab specimens | proper label, transport, selection and collection. not collected by lab and viability of sample is responsibility of collector
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| N gonorrheae | needs special transport media
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| infection | microorganism that is living and multiplying in the body. caused by microbes or the products of microbes
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| Prodromal period | after incubation, beginning to feel non-specific symptoms of a illness
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| phases of infection | infection can happen during any stage of infection
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| acidophiles | like a pH <7 (stomach acid)
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| sterilization | complete destruction of all microbes including spores and viruses, steam autoclave is best way
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| Antisepsis | chemical agent applied to exposed body surface to disinfect skin and other living tissue
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| Natural habitat for microorganism | reservoir
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| indigenous to humans | viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi
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| broad-spectrum antibiotics | cover a wide range of bacteria (gram negative and positive)
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| to clean juice, wine, milk | pasteurizes
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| non-standard practice in hospital | putting pt in private negative-pressure room. only for TB
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| sing and not a symptom | temperature
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| less antiviral, antifungal medication | they are so similar to human cells
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