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concept micro final
microbiology final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is smaller than a virus | A prion |
| what is the function of bacterial endospores | help keep bacteria alive in harsh conditions |
| organisms that cause malaria and crypto | Protozoa |
| Microorganism that live off dead or decaying material | Saphrocytes |
| binary fission refers to | process of bacterial cell replication |
| concept that disease is caused by microorganism | germ theory |
| What is resent in viruses | DNA/RNA, unable to replicate w/o a host cell. Do not divide by binary fission, can't make their own energy and depend on host for protein and nucleic acid production |
| Spontaneous generation | living things arise from nonliving things |
| Found in Eukaryotic and not in Prokaryotic | Eukaryotic have a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, also larger than prokaryotes |
| Bacteria that is round and in chains | Strepto (chain) cocci (round) |
| What is cutaneous mycosis | Ringworm (tinea) |
| Scientific name | Bacillius sabtilis (italicized) |
| cause of spongiform encephalopathies | prion |
| Escherichia coli infect what? | T-even phages |
| Causes latent viral infection | herpesvirus |
| infectious mononucleiosis | Epstein Barr |
| Targets CD-4 cells | HIV |
| Who advocated using disinfectants on hands and in air prior to surgery? | Joseph Lister |
| Acid fast stain is used to determine | TB |
| What stucture is mismatched for bacteria | Plasmid-provide cell locomotion (flagella cause locomotion) |
| Function of fimbrae | adhering to other sttuctures |
| Obligate parasite | ringworm |
| pasteur used swam neck to prove | dust was a source of living organisms |
| key feature of animal viral infections | separation of viral nucleic acid from capsid |
| observed handwashing would reduce spread of childbed fever | Semmelweis |
| After gram staining appears blue, elongated rods that is clustered | gram positive bacilli |
| reproductive structure of yeast | Budding |
| lives on or in person | indigenous microflora |
| Fleming is known for | Penicillin |
| microorganism is defined as | too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| outcome of gram staingin | positive or negative depending on cell wall thickness |
| what is not considered in classifying virus | number of genes |
| what is not true of virus | replicate from binary fission |
| having a nucleus | Eukaryotes |
| Dutch merchant that made magnifying glass | Leewhenhook |
| ability to exist as trop or cyst | Protozoa |
| not characteristic of fungi | photosynthesis |
| what is mycosis | fungal infection |
| flagella all over cells | Peritrich |
| Koch's postulates are used to establish | specific microbes cause specific diseases |
| what causes intoxication | algae |
| all bacterial cells have | one or more chromosomes |
| viral multiplication | absorption, penetration, replication, assembly, release |
| bacterial cells do not have | Cilia |
| Oncovirus | cause CA, HPV |
| infectious protein particles | Prions |
| Molds reproduce | Spores |
| Core of every virus always contains | either DNA or RNA |
| peptidoglycan is found | cell walls |
| false about viruses | contain DNA and RNA (only one) |
| virulence factor | weapon or tactic that causes infection |
| C. perfringins | food poisoning |
| streptococccus pyrogenes | skin infection/strep throat |
| incidence | Number of new cases of a disease in a population during a specific time |
| endemic disease | always in the population(gonorrhea) |
| Sporadic disease | a disease that occurs only occasionally in a population (tetnus) |
| reserviors | where pathogens are harbored (animals, humans, contaminated food/water) |
| vector | Arthropods that act as reservoirs (lyme) |
| Formites | non-living objects that transmit pathogens (towels, bedding, telephone) |
| highest mode of transmission | respiratory |
| lest likely mode of transmission | intact skin |
| antibiotics | substance produced from a living organism that can kill another organism |
| antimicrobial agents | should kill/inhibit growth, not cause damage to host, stay in infected tissue long enough, kill pathogen |
| actions of antimicrobial agents | inhibit cell wall synthesis, inhibit protein synthesis, damage cell membrane. DO NOT destroy capsule |
| bacteriostatic durgs | stop the bacteria from reproducing but do not kill it. don't give to immunocompromised pt |
| sulfa drugs | inhibit production of folic acid |
| drugs that inhibit cell wall synthesis | penicillin and cephalosporin |
| super bugs | microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial agents |
| B-lactamase | produced by bacteria to inhibit the b-lactam ring, causing the drug to be ineffective |
| conjunction | when a microorganism "shares" drug resistant information with another microorganism through a plasmid |
| empiric therapry | drug therapy that is started before lab results are back |
| artificial active immunity | immunity received through vaccination (flu shot) |
| herd immunity | if everyone who is able to be immunized from a pathogen it protects those who cannot be immunized due to age or immunocompromised |
| HAI | mainly UTI, also called nosocomial |
| Surgical Asepsis | "sterile technique", all organisms including endospores are killed. for OR, L&D |
| medical Asepsis | "clean technique" kills pathogens. |
| Normal flora | on skin, mouth, nasal passages and distal urethra. Blood, lungs, CSF sterile |
| Carriers | people who harbor a pathogen without showing symptoms of the disease |
| Synergistic infection, polyorganism | when two organisms team up to cause a disease (trench mouth) |
| Lab specimens | proper label, transport, selection and collection. not collected by lab and viability of sample is responsibility of collector |
| N gonorrheae | needs special transport media |
| infection | microorganism that is living and multiplying in the body. caused by microbes or the products of microbes |
| Prodromal period | after incubation, beginning to feel non-specific symptoms of a illness |
| phases of infection | infection can happen during any stage of infection |
| acidophiles | like a pH <7 (stomach acid) |
| sterilization | complete destruction of all microbes including spores and viruses, steam autoclave is best way |
| Antisepsis | chemical agent applied to exposed body surface to disinfect skin and other living tissue |
| Natural habitat for microorganism | reservoir |
| indigenous to humans | viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi |
| broad-spectrum antibiotics | cover a wide range of bacteria (gram negative and positive) |
| to clean juice, wine, milk | pasteurizes |
| non-standard practice in hospital | putting pt in private negative-pressure room. only for TB |
| sing and not a symptom | temperature |
| less antiviral, antifungal medication | they are so similar to human cells |
Created by:
smarti13
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