Integumentary
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| What is psoriasis? | Autoimmune disorder characterized by red skin patches with silvery scale.
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| What treatment is available for Herpes? | Acyclovir (zovirax)to lessen frequency and length of outbreaks but Herpes is not curable
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| What causes a shingles outbreak? | Latent virus from chickenpox residing in dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglion cells are reactivated. Can be idiopathetic, stress induced, from drug injection, or illness
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| Describe the outbreak of shingles | A vesicular eruption and crusting that follows a sensory nerve line, usually one side of the body and usually on trunk. Pruitic and EXTREMELY PAINFUL! Usually lasts several days.
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| What is the postherpetic neuralgia associated with shingles? | After outbreak pain may exist at site for 8 weeks or more, usually in pts >60 yo
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| What treatments are available for Shingles? | Acyclovir to shorten and lesson outbreaks, calamine lotion and antihistamines for itching and PAIN MEDS!
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| What is scabies? | Parasitic infection characterized by brown wavy lines.
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| What is Impetigo (contagiosa)? | Rash caused by staph aureus, staphylococcus, streptococol or mixed bacteria. HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS! Macules develop into pustular vesicles and crust over into honey-colored rash.
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| S/S of impetigo (contagiosa). | Pruitis, pain,pustular vesicles with honey-colored crust
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| How is impetigo (contagiosa) diagnosed? | wound culture
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| How is Impetigo (contagiosa) treated? | Antiseptic soaps and topical cleansing agents, antibiotics. Encourage goo hygiene!
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| What is folliculitis? | Infection of hair follicle by staph.
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| What is a carbuncle? | A cluster of furnucles (folluculitis infections)
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| How can carbuncles be treated? | I&D (incise and drain), topical antibiotic, warm compress
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| What is Tinea Capitis? | Ringworm of the scalp
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| What is Tinea Corporis? | Ringworm of the body
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| What is Tinea Cruris? | Jock itch
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| What is Tinea Padis? | Athlete's foot
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| What is ringworm? | It is a fungal infection. Round lesions on the scalp or body with clear center and erythematous borders.
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| How is Tinea Capitis diagnosed? | Wood's lamp or light causing hair to become brilliantly florescent.
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| How are fungal infections treated? | Topical or oral antifungals (Fulvicin, Griseofulvin), Antifungal soaps or shampoos (Tinactin), Miconazole, Lotrimin; usually for 2-3 weeks.
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| What special warnings should be given to women prior to prescribing Accutane? | You must not become pregnant due to high risk of severe birth defects
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| Name some medications to treat lice. | Kwell, Rid, Nix, Lindane
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| What type of skin cancer is highly malignant? | Melanoma
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| S/S of med allergies | Hives, rash, redness, itching
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| What is a keloid? | A raised, indurated, shiny overgrowth of scar tissue
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| What is suppuration? | The development or drainage of pus
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| List some causes of alopecia | Chemo, drugs, stress, genetics, hormones
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| What are some nursing interventions for eczema? | Keep skin clean, well hydrated, educate not to scratch, cool dressings to induce vasoconstriction.
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| What should you do after coming in from the woods and being exposed to poison ivy? | Rinse skin off
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| What precautions should you tell a family to take when trying to rid a lice infestation? | Wash, clothing & linen. Bag pillows, stuffed animals, etc
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| Debriding wounds help to prevent what? | Infection and lesson scarring
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| How can dark skinned populations be adequately examined for skin lesions? | Palpate area
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| Discuss the balance of fluids for burn victims. | Hypovalemia is immediate risk. As pt is rehydrated via IV, must observe for fuid overload. Fluids escape vascular space into interstitial fluid initially and then returns after IV tx
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| What is the cause of death in burn victims? | Hypovalemia 1st 72 hrs, infection thereafter
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| What types of burns are blanchable? | Superficial/1st degree
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| What are auto grafts, homografts and heterografts? | Skin grafts from : own body, others' body, pig skin
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| What is the critical time for fluid loss in a burn victim? | 1st 12 hrs
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| Why can't you rely on pulse oximetry when pt has CO poisoning? | Carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin in place of oxygen and the pulse ox cannot distinguish the two
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| What additional risk is there for the burn victim of electrical burn? | Cardiac arrest
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| What route should pain meds be administered to burn victims? | IV
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| What is the ulcer called that burn victims are at risk for? | Curling's ulcer
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| Describe cellulitis | A break in skin puts pt at risk for infection from contact with bacteria. Area becomes reddened and has a stretched skin, edematous appearance.Can cause fever, chills, at risk for sepsis.
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