Week 6 Spring Terms
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Acidosis | A disturbance in the acid-base balance of the body in which there is an accumulation of acids or an excessive loss of bicarbonate
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| Alpha Cells | Endocrine Islets of Langerhans cells which secretes glucagon
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| Beta Cells | Pancreatic cells which secretes insulin
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| Carbohydrate Metabolism | Polysaccharides and disaccharides are hydrolyzed to mono-saccharides glucose, fructose , and galactose-which are absorbed into the capillaries of the villi in the small intestine
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| Dawn Phenomenon | Abrupt rise in blood glucose which usually occur between 5-9 am
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| Fasting Blood Sugar | A test for blood sugar level used to detect disorders of metabolism
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| Glucose Tolerance Test | A test done by giving a certain amount of glucose to the patient orally or IV. Blood samples are drawn at specific intervals and the blood glucose is determined in each sample.
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| Glycosuria | The presence of glucose in the urine
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| HHNKS | Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketonic Syndrome-Syndrome in which hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity predominate, with possible alterations of the sensorium
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| Hormone | A substance originating in an organ, gland or part which is conveyed through the blood to another part of the body, stimulating a chemical action
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| Hyperglycemia | Increase of blood sugar as in diabetes
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| Hyperinsulinism | An excessive amount of insulin in the blood
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| Hypoglycemia | Deficiency of sugar in the blood
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| Insulin | 1) A hormone secreted by the beta cells in the Islet of Langehans in the pancreas. Essential for proper metabolism of blood sugar
2) A preparation used in medical treatment of diabetes
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| Insulin Reaction | Hypoglycemia
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| Ketonuria | Acetone bodies in the urine
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| Ketoacidosis | The accumulation of ketone bodies in the blood which results in metabolic acidosis
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| Ketosis | The accumulation in the body of ketone bodies frequently associated with acidosis and is often miscalled acidosis. Ketosis results from the incomplete metabolism of fatty acids
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| Kussmaul Respirations | Very deep gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis and coma
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| Polydipsia | Excessive thirst
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| Polyphagia | Eating abnormally large amount of food at a meal
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| Polyuria | Frequent and excessive amount of urination
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| Postprandial | Following a meal
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| Retinopathy | Any disorder of the retina
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| Somogyi | A paradoxical situation in which sudden falls in blood sugar are followed by rebound hyperglycemia. Usual cause is gradual excessive administration of insulin
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| Type I Diabetes Mellitus | A metabolic disorder characterized by an absence of insulin production due to autoimmune destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas
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| Type II Diabetes Mellitus | A metabolic disorder characterized by the relative deficiency of insulin production and a decrease in insulin action
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