a MCPHS- Provider I- Ch 26- Assessment of Cardiovascular Function
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| Stroke volume | Amount of blood ejected per heartbeat
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| Sympathetic impulses vs. Parasympathetic implusles r/t HR | S:Increase HR, P:Decrease HR
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| Catecholamines & Thyroid hormone r/t HR | Increase HR
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| 3 Factors that determine Stroke volume | Preload, Afterload, Contractility
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| Diuresis, Venodilating agents & Low blood volume r/t Preload | Decrease preload
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| Signs and symptoms of CVD are r/t | Dysrhythmias, Conduction problems, CAD, HF, Cardiogenic shock
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| Indicator r/t Dysfunction of heart | Reduced pulse pressure, Cardiac enlargement, Abnormal heart sounds
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| Central cyanosis is observed | Tongue, Buccal mucosa
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| 3 most common causes r/t Orthostatic hypotension | Reduced blood volume, Vasoconstrictor mechanism insufficiencies, Insufficient autonomic vasoconstricition
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| Time elapse b/w postural changes r/t Orthostatic hypotension measurement | 1-3 minutes
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| Inadequate renal perfusion r/t Urine output | Decreases urine output
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| First enzyme level to increase r/t MI | Creatine kinase
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| Myoglobin vs. Troponin | M:Can rule out early diasnosis of MI, T:Very early or late MI diagnosis
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| Normal cholesterol level | Less than 200 mg/dL
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| LDL vs. HDL r/t function | LDL:transports cholesterol and triglycerides into cell, HDL:transports away from tissues/cells to liver for excretion
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| Triglyceride levels r/t LDL & HDL levels | LDL and triglycerides increase, HDL decreases
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| Brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) excellent in diagnosing | Heart Failure
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| End products of protein metabolism | BUN and creatinine
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| Prothrombin time(PT) and International Normalized Ratio(INR) measure | Level of coagulation and effectiveness of warfarin(Coumadin)
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| 3 tests r/t Cardiac stress test | Excersise stress test, Pharmacologic stress test, Mental stress test
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