OGT Science Vocab
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Abiotic | Non living
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| Acceleration | The change in the rate of change in velocity usually in meters per second squared
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| Acid | Low pH, less than 7
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| Active transport | Cell dump but uses ATP energy
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| Adaptation | A change in an organism over time because the environment changed
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| Adaptive radiation | Spreading and evolution out of a population
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| Alleles | Different DNA variants of a gene
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| Archaebacteria | One of the three domains of life. Primitive single celled orgs
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| Atmosphere | Gas surrounding the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen
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| ATP | Energy form, adenosine triphosphate
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| Atom | "Smallest" particle of an element
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| Atomic Number | Number of protons in an atom
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| Nucleus | Part of an atom, holds protons and neutrons
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| Base | High pH , greater than 7
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| Big Bang Theory | A TV show. Also theory how universe was created
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| Binary fission | how bacteria (prokaryotes) reproduce by splitting in half
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| Biodiversity | How many species are in an area. More is bettter
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| Biome | Major type of ecological community
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| Biotechnology | Usually DNA and genes
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| Biotic | Living
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| Boiling point | Temperature
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| Cell | basic unit of life,
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| Cell membrane | What surrounds a cell
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| Cell theory | 1 2 3 Cells from cells, living = cells, cells basic part of organisms
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| Cell wall | plants strong gives support to plants
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| Cellular respiration | How cells use or release the energy in sugar to do stuff
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| Chemical change | When chemical compounds react to form a new compound
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| Chemical reaction | When chemical compounds react to form a new compound
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| Chromosome | DNA in the cell carries the genetic information
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| Classification | Arranging organisms into groups and naming them.
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| Climate | Average weather conditions
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| Commensalism | Two organisms together, one benefits the other doesn't care
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| Community | All the different species in a defined area
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| Compound | substance with two or more elements at a fixed ratio H2O CO2
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| Conduction | Heat or electricity transmitted thru something
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| Conservation of mass | matter is neither created nor destroyed
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| Consumer | who you see at Wal Mart.
Organism that earns its living feeding on another
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| COntrol group | In an experiment, group used for comparison, everything kept constant
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| Convection | Circular movement of heat, fluid etc like under the earth surface or in the atmosphere
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| Convergent plate boundaries | Where tectonic plates converge - mountains form or deep ocean trenches
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| COre | center of the earth hot iron or nickel
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| Covalent bond | Shared electrons
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| Crust | Outer layer of rock on earth
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| Cytoplasm | Main part of a cell, fluid (cytosol) plus organelles
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| Data | A recorded observation
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| Divergent Plate boundary | Where tectonic plates pull apart
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| Decomposers | bacteria fungi eat or break dead organisms
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| Density | mass over volume (g per cm3) or (g per mL)
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| Dependent variable | In an experiment, the variable whose response is not known or determined ahead of time.
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| DNA | De oxy ribo nuclei acid
Watson and Crick
Genetic material
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| Dominant trait | If you have one allele of a dominant trait, you show it.
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| Ecosystem | Community of organisms and their evironment
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| Electricity | Form of energy
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| Electromagnetic radiation | Waves of energy
Light xrays radio waves and others
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| Electron | Subatomic particle
orbits around nucleus
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| Element | Atoms of one kind, their all the same
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| Endoplasmic reticulum | An organelle
Transport proteins in cell
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| Endothermic | A reaction that absorbs energy (heat(
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| Energy | Ability to do work
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| Equilibrium | when oppposite forces are equal
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| Ethical guideline | rules governing acceptable limits on experiments.
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| Eukaryotic cells | Cells with membrane covered organelles and a nucleus
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| Evolution | Genetic change in a population over time
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| Exothermic | Reaction releasing heat
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| Experiment | What we do to test an hypothesis
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| Fermentation | no air, energy production like yeast, makes alcohol
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| Fission | Splitting of atomic nucleus
Releases energy, Regular atomic bomb
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| Folding | Bending the earths crust to create mountains
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| Food chain | Arrangement of organisms in an ecosystem showing who eats who.
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| Force | What gets applied to an object to move it
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| Fossil | Impression of traces of long dead organisms
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| Friction | Rubbing Force that resists continual motion of objects
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| Fusion | Joining of two atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei like in the Sun.
H Bomb
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| Gas | State of matter, particles are spread apart
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| Gene | Sequence of DNA bases on a chromosome that codes for a protein
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| Genetic drift | gene changes in a small population
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| Genotype | Genetic make up of an individual
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| Golgi Complex | Organelle
Package molecules
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| Gravitational potential energy | Stored energy
Height and mass
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| Gravity | Attracive force between two object
mass divided by distance squared
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| Heliocentric theory | Earth circles sun
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| Heredity | Characteristics from ancestors, based on genes
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| Heterozygous | 2 different genes for a trait
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| Homeostasis | Process by which organisms maintain internal conditions
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| Homologous chromosomes | A pair of chromosomes that govern the same trait
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| Homozygous | Having the same two copies of a gene
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| Hydrosphere | All water on Earth
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| Hypothesis | An informed possible and testable explanation of an observation
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| Igneous rock | Rock from volcanic orgin
from cooled magma or lava
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| Independent variable | The one a scientist changes to see what happens
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| Ion | An atom that has gained or lost electrons
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| Isotope | A form of an element with extra neutrons which makes its mass bigger
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| Kinetic energy | energy of motion
KE = 1/2 mv2
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| Lithosphere | Crust and mantle of earth
70 miles thick
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| Magma | Molten rock
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| Mantle | Earth's layer underground but not the core or crust
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| mass | the amount of matter of an object
proportional to weight
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| Matter | has mass, occupies volume
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| Meiosis | sex cells dividing in half
Allows more variation
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| Metamorphic rock | sedimentary or igneous rock that hss changed
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| Metal | Most of the element
Shiny, hard, ductile
Conduct electricity
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| Mitochondria | Organelle
Converts energy (cellular respiration)
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| Mitosis | Cell division to get 2 copies
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| Mixture | two or more compounds hanging out together but not chemically connected
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| Molecule | Atoms joined by covalent bonding
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| Mutation | Inherited change in the DNA sequence
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| Mutualism | 2 organisms hanging out together and both get something out of if
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| Natural selection | Individuals having favorable adaptations will produce more surviving offspring and over time those traits increase in a population
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| Neutron | One of the parts of an atom
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| Newtons law of motion | 1 - things at rest stay at rest & vice versa
2 F = ma
3 equal & opposite forces for every action
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| Nucleus | Inner core of an atom
Has protons and neutrons
In a cell - contains the DNA
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| Organelles | Structures in a cell like mitochondria
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| Parasite | You know what this is
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| periodic Table | Table showing data for all the elements
Organized by similar elements
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| pH Scale | Acid is less than 7
Basic is greater than 7
Neutral is 7
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| Photosynthesis | conversion by plants of CO2 + H2O into sugar
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| Plate tectonic theory | Earths lithosphere composed of giant sliding plates
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| predator | Organism that eats prey
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| Producer | Organism that produces its own food
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| Prokaryotic cells | Primitive, older cells like bacteria
No nucleus
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| Proton | Part of an atom
Has mass and charge
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| Radiation | Waves of energy
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| Radioactive decay | When an unstable nucleus decays, emits subatomic particles and radiation
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| Radiometric dating | To find age of rocks using radioactive elements
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| Reactant | in a chemical reaction, one of the things on the left that changes
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| Recessive trait | Trait that is seen if only two copies of its DNA is present
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| Reflection | Bouncing back of light heat or sound after hitting a surface
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| Refraction | Bending of light rays or of an energy wave
Due to a change in the speed of the wave
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| Scientific investigation | What scientists do when they are doing science.
Obs/Hypothesis/design/get data/report etc
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| Scientific knowledge | The accumulation of results of scientific work
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| Sedimentary rock | Rock created by deposition of sediments like sand silt gravel from erosion
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| Seismic waves | waves of energy from earthquakes
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| SOlid | State of matter
Closely packed atoms, definite density & shape
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| Solution | Homogeneous mixture
One evenly mixed in the other
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| Sound waves | Mechanical radiant energy waves
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| Species | A group of organisms capable of mating and producing offspring
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| Speciation | The process of making a new species
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| Star | Object in space
Uses nuclear fusion
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| Subduction zone | Where one tectonic plate goes under a lighter plate
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| Substance | Form of matter with uniform chemical structure
Elements, oompounds
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| Technology | Using scientific knowledge to meet human needs
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| Temperature | Measure of average kinetic energy of an object
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| Theory | Possible explanation of observations and data
Usually has many confirming examples
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| Thermal energy | Heat based on the movement of particles
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| Tides | Cyclical rising and falling of oceans
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| Trait | Inherited characteristic
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| Variable | A quantity that can change
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| Velocity | The rate of change of an objects position over time
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| Water cycle | Atmospheric vapor to precipitation into ground or lakes/oceans then back to atmosphere via evaporation & transpiration
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| Wave | Vibration carrying energy
Seismic sound light
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