Mrs. Janssen's Biology Chapter 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the key factor that limits the size of a cell? | Ratio of surface area to volume
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| When a cell reaches its size limit, what two things can it do? | Stop growing or divide
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| What is the cell cycle? | A cell's process of growing & dividing
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| What is interphase? | A stage of the cell cycle in which the cell grows, metabolizes, & replicates DNA
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| What is mitosis? | A stage of the cell cycle in which the nucleus & nuclear material divide
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| What is cytokinesis? | A stage of the cell cycle in which the cytoplasm divides and 2 new cells are formed
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| What is the cell doing during the G1 stage of interphase? | Growing & metabolizing
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| What is the cell doing during the S stage of interphase? | Copying DNA
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| What is the cell doing during the G2 stage of interphase? | Preparing for mitosis
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| What are chromosomes? | X-shaped structures that contain genetic material (DNA)
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| What is chromatin? | Relaxed form of DNA
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| What happens during prophase? | Chromatin condenses, nuclear membrane disappears, spindle forms
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| What happens during metaphase? | Chromosomes line up along equator
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| What happens during anaphase? | Chromosomes split and move toward poles
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| What happens during telophase? | Chromosomes reach poles & decondense, nuclear envelopes form
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| What happens during cytokinesis? | Cytoplasm divides, 2 new separate cells formed
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| What are sister chromatids? | Structures that contain identical copies of DNA
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| What are centromeres? | Structure at center of chromosome where sister chromatids are attached
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| What is cancer? | Uncontrolled growth and reproduction of cells
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| What is a carcinogen? | An agent that causes cancer
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| What is apoptosis? | Programmed cell death
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| What are stem cells? | Unspecialized cells that can develop into specialized cells?
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| What are the two types of stem cells? | Embryonic & adult
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| What is the longest phase of the cell cycle? | Interphase
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| What is the longest phase of mitosis? | Prophase
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| What is the shortest phase of mitosis? | Metaphase
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| What happens to DNA during interphase? | Replicates
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| What anchors the spindle during mitosis? | Centrioles
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| How many daughter cells are produced from mitosis? | 2
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| What structure forms across the center of a plant cell near the end of telophase? | Cell plate
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| What are the proteins in chromosomes that DNA wraps around? | Histones
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| What is the term for cancer that has spread? | Metastasize
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| What is the term for a cancerous tumor? | Malignant
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| What is the term for a tumor that does not spread? | Benign
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| What anchors the spindle fibers during mitosis? | Centrioles
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| What connects the 2 chromatids together into one chromosome? | Centromere
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| What is a cell that can grow into any other type of cell? | Totipotent
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| What is the process by which a cell becomes specialized? | Differentiation
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| What is an unspecialized cell that can grow into a specialized cell? | Stem cell
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| What kind of cell can grow into any type of cell except totipotent? | Pluripotent
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| What kind of cell can grow into the cells of a closely related cell family? | Multipotent
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