Flashcards used to help study how muscles are composed and how they function.
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| Ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility
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| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability
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| The ability to be stretched | extensibility
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| The ability to recoil to their (muscles) original resting lenth after they have been stretched. | elasticity
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| Muscles produce _______. | HEAT
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| Connective tissue that surrounds each skeletal muscle | epimysium
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| Connective tissue located OUTSIDE the epimysium | fascia
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| Muscle cells | muscle fibers
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| What loose connective tissue surrounds muscle fasiculi? | perimysium
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| Connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber | endomysium
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| The cytoplasm of each muscle fiber is filled with _________. | myofibrils
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| Myofibrils consist of 2 major kinds of protein fibers called _________ and _________. | actin, myosin
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| Actin and Myosin myofilaments form units called ________. | sarcomeres
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| Sarcomeres extend from _______ to _______. | Z line to Z line
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| Z lines and I bands are made up of? | actin
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| A bands are made up of? | myosin
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| The outside of most membranes are ______ charged; The inside of the cell membrane is _______ charged. | 1) positively 2) negatively
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| The Charge difference across a membrane is called the ________ _________ _________. | resting membrane potential
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| When a muscle is stimulated the membrane characteristics change briefly. What is this called? | action potential
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| Nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons
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| Each branch that connects to a muscle | neromuscular junction
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| Another name for neuromuscular junction | synapse
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| A single MOTOR neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers around it innervates | motor unit
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| The space between a presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft
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| The muscle fiber at the end of a "synapse chain" | postsynaptic terminal
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| Each presynaptic terminal contains _____ _____. | synaptic vesicles
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| Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called? | acetylcholine
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| What does acetylcholine do? | diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds the postynaptic terminal, causing a change in the postsynaptic cell
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| Acetylcholine is released from synaptic vesicles when? | When an action potential reaches the nerve terminal
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| Muscle cell membrane | sarcolemma
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| Acetylcholine is broken down by this | acetylcholinesterase
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| Occurs when actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another | muscle contraction
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| What "mechanism" is responsible for muscle contractions? | sliding filament mechanism
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| In a sliding filament mechanism, which bands of a sarcomere shorten and which do not change in length? | The H and I bands shorten, but the A bands do not change in length
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| Contraction of and entire muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch
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| A muscle fiber will not respond to a stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _______. | threshold
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| The phenomenon of a muscle contracting maximally at threshold is called what? | all-or-none response
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| The time of contraction | contraction phase
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| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase
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| The time during which a muscle relaxes | relaxation phase
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| If you get successive stimuli you get | successive twitches
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| If you get successive twitches | the muscle doesn't have time to fully relax
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| When a muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany
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| The increase in number of motor units being activated | recruitment
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| Energy that causes muscle contraction | ATP
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| Where ATP is produced | mitochondria
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| Is ATP long-lasting and stable? | No.
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| ATP degenerates into | ADP
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| Is ADP stable? | Yes!
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| Muscles must always create | ATP
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| Muscles cannot store _______ when at rest. | ATP
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| Muscles CAN store a high energy molecule called | creatine phosphate
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| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen
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| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen
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| The reason we breath heavily after exercise even though our muscles are not active | oxygen debt
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| Oxygen debt is? | the amount of oxygen needed for chemical reactions to convert lactic acid into glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells
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| Happens when ATP is used faster than it is made | muscle fatigue
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| 2 types of muscle contractions | isometric and isotonic
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| In isometric contractions there is equal _______. | length
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| In isotonic contractions there is equal _______. | tension
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| The level at which muscles are conditioned and in shape. | muscle tone
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| Muscle fibers that contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers
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| Muscle fibers that contract slowly and fatigue slowly | slow-twitch fibers
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| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis
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| closes eyelids and causes crows feet | orbicularis oculi
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| used to pucker lips | orbicularis oris
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| flattens the cheeks | buccinator
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| smiling muscle | zygomaticus
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| sneering muscle | levator labii superioris
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| frowning muscle | depressor anguli oris
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| rotates your head | sternocleidomastoid
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| 2 types of toungue muscles | intrinsic and extrinsic
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| extrinsic muscles | moves tongue
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| intrinsic muscles | changes shape of tongue
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| Together, the orbicularis oris and the buccinators are known as what? | the "kissing muscles"
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Created by:
Chase Marcum
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