MedSurge-URINARY SYSTEM - review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Renin is released in response to? | decreased arterial BP, renal ischemia, eosinophil chemotactic factor depletion, factors affecting blood supply to kidneys
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| The catalyst of the angiotensin-aldosterone system functions to? | raise BP when stimulated
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| Antidiuretic Hormone is secreted by ____ in response to ____? | the posterior pituitary; serum hyperosmolality and low blood volume
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| Aldosteone is secreted within the renin-angiotensin system after? | stimulation by angiotension II
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| Kidney postaglandins lower BP by? | causing vasodilation
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| Erythropoietin is released when? | the oxygen tension of the renal blood supply is low
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| Erythropoietin stimulates the production of? | RBC in the bone marrow
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| Hyperkalemia stimulates the release of? | aldosterone from the adrenal cortex
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| Stones are most likely to obstruct the urinary system at the ____ and ____. | uteropelvic junction and utereovesical junction
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| Volume of urine in bladder that causes urge to urinate is _____ to ____? | 200 - 250 mL
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| Total bladder capacity ranges from _____ to ____? | 600 - 1000 mL
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| The _____ prevents absorption or leakage of urine wastes out of the urinary system. | urothelium
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| Age-related change in kidney that leads to nocturia is? | decreased ability to concentrate urine
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| To assess for kidney tenderness, nurse should? | strike one hand over the other at the posterior costovertebral angle
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| An empty bladder (is / is not) palpable? | is not
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| Position of pt. during kidney examination? | supine
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| Urinalysis of urine specimen not processed within 1 hr. may result in erroneous measurements of? | bacteria; they multiple rapidly in warm urine
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| Urine specimens are not effected by? | glucose, specific gravity, WBCs
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| Urinalysis result of UTI may include? | cloudy, yellow, wbc > 5/HPF, pH 8.2, numerous casts
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| Urinary casts are? | cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states
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| Specific gravity measures? | the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine in relation to plasma
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| Normal urine specific gravity? | 1.003 - 1.030
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| Low specific gravity indicates? | dilute urine and the excretion of excess fluid
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| High specific gravity indicates? | concentrated urine (eg. seen in dehydration)
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| During a renal arteriogram a catheter is usually inserted? | at the femoral artery
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| Postop renal arteriogram, pt. is positioned? | with affected leg extended; pressure dressing applied
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| Postop renal arteriogram, nurse should assess peripheral pulses how often? | 30 to 60 minutes
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| Gross bleeding in the urine is a complication of? | renal biopsy
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| BUN may be increased as a result of? | renal problems or tissue damage from other causes
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| Serum creatinine is specific to? | renal function; does not vary with other tissue damage
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| The Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) approximates? | the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood and eliminated in urine
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| The most specific test of renal function is the? | Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR)
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| The size, shape and general blood perfusion can be diagnosed with which exam? | renal scan
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| Impaired conversion of inactive VitD to active VitD results in? | hypocalcemia
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| The most serious complication following a kidney biopsy is? | bleeding; urine must be examined for both gross and microscopic blood
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| Treatment for experiencing burning w/urination following a cytoscopy? | warm sitz bath
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