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MedSurge-URINARY
MedSurge-URINARY SYSTEM - review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renin is released in response to? | decreased arterial BP, renal ischemia, eosinophil chemotactic factor depletion, factors affecting blood supply to kidneys |
| The catalyst of the angiotensin-aldosterone system functions to? | raise BP when stimulated |
| Antidiuretic Hormone is secreted by ____ in response to ____? | the posterior pituitary; serum hyperosmolality and low blood volume |
| Aldosteone is secreted within the renin-angiotensin system after? | stimulation by angiotension II |
| Kidney postaglandins lower BP by? | causing vasodilation |
| Erythropoietin is released when? | the oxygen tension of the renal blood supply is low |
| Erythropoietin stimulates the production of? | RBC in the bone marrow |
| Hyperkalemia stimulates the release of? | aldosterone from the adrenal cortex |
| Stones are most likely to obstruct the urinary system at the ____ and ____. | uteropelvic junction and utereovesical junction |
| Volume of urine in bladder that causes urge to urinate is _____ to ____? | 200 - 250 mL |
| Total bladder capacity ranges from _____ to ____? | 600 - 1000 mL |
| The _____ prevents absorption or leakage of urine wastes out of the urinary system. | urothelium |
| Age-related change in kidney that leads to nocturia is? | decreased ability to concentrate urine |
| To assess for kidney tenderness, nurse should? | strike one hand over the other at the posterior costovertebral angle |
| An empty bladder (is / is not) palpable? | is not |
| Position of pt. during kidney examination? | supine |
| Urinalysis of urine specimen not processed within 1 hr. may result in erroneous measurements of? | bacteria; they multiple rapidly in warm urine |
| Urine specimens are not effected by? | glucose, specific gravity, WBCs |
| Urinalysis result of UTI may include? | cloudy, yellow, wbc > 5/HPF, pH 8.2, numerous casts |
| Urinary casts are? | cylindrical structures produced by the kidney and present in the urine in certain disease states |
| Specific gravity measures? | the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine in relation to plasma |
| Normal urine specific gravity? | 1.003 - 1.030 |
| Low specific gravity indicates? | dilute urine and the excretion of excess fluid |
| High specific gravity indicates? | concentrated urine (eg. seen in dehydration) |
| During a renal arteriogram a catheter is usually inserted? | at the femoral artery |
| Postop renal arteriogram, pt. is positioned? | with affected leg extended; pressure dressing applied |
| Postop renal arteriogram, nurse should assess peripheral pulses how often? | 30 to 60 minutes |
| Gross bleeding in the urine is a complication of? | renal biopsy |
| BUN may be increased as a result of? | renal problems or tissue damage from other causes |
| Serum creatinine is specific to? | renal function; does not vary with other tissue damage |
| The Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) approximates? | the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood and eliminated in urine |
| The most specific test of renal function is the? | Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR) |
| The size, shape and general blood perfusion can be diagnosed with which exam? | renal scan |
| Impaired conversion of inactive VitD to active VitD results in? | hypocalcemia |
| The most serious complication following a kidney biopsy is? | bleeding; urine must be examined for both gross and microscopic blood |
| Treatment for experiencing burning w/urination following a cytoscopy? | warm sitz bath |
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