pharm II exam 2
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| Estrogen pg 522-523 | used for hormone replacement; contraindications: estrogen dependent cancers
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| Triphasic contraceptives pg 526 | most naturally mimics a woman’s own menstrual cycle
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| Drug interactions with oral contraceptives pg 526 | antibiotics, rifampin, INH: deactivates contraceptive action of birth control, patient need to take other measures of birth control. Coumadin: potentiates anticoagulation effects (makes it thinner)
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| Risk factors for osteoporosis pg 527 | being female, age, cancer, low calcium diet, not enough dietary intake, history of eating disorder (anorexia or bulimia), hypothyroidism
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| Testosterone routes of administration pg 541 | topical or IM; not given orally b/c has a high 1st pass effect; best administration for IM is Z Track method
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| Indications for Androgen therapy in females pg 545 | endometriosis, fibrocystic disease, inoperable breast cancer
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| Sildenafil and nitrates pg 543 | sildenafil = Viagra; when sildenafil and nitrate taken together BP drops (hypotensive) - possible death occurs
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| Uses of NSAIDs pg 679 | anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, pain relief
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| Use of allopurinol and therapeutic effects pg 690 | used for gout; know it is working because decrease in uric acid and s/s associated with gout
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| Colchicine uses and effects pg 690 | use for gout; know it is working because decrease in uric acid and s/s associated with gout
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| Aspirin and children pg 684 | don’t give b/c of Reyes syndrome
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| Aspirin and cardiovascular disease pg 683 | anti-platelet, promotes platelet flow and prevents platelet aggregation
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| Contraindications for use of NSAIDS pg 681 | PUD- should not take NSAIDS b/c it can increase chances of bleeding; Renal disease; Vitamin K deficiency (not one of answer choices).
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| Contraindications for use of glucosamine-chondroitin supplements pg 687 | Type 2 DM b/c increases blood sugars
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| Azathioprine therapy and expected adverse effects pg 696 | leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; can have hepatotoxicity (be hepatotoxic); used in Rheumatoid Arthritis, and kidney transplant patients
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| Allopurinol and cyclosporine pg 697 | allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of cyclosporine; given together because allopurinol stops cyclosporine from breaking down but must monitor blood levels b/c of increased chances of toxicity
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| Monoclonial antibodies and methylprednisolone sodium succinate pg 699 | methylprednisolone(steroid, anti-inflammatory, cause immunosuppressant) given prior to monoclonial antibodies to prevent anaphylaxis
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| Muromonab CD3 indications for use and advantage pg 696 | only drug approved for the use of the treatment when a patient has already gone into acute rejection—all others are aimed at prophylaxis; used to try and reverse rejection
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| Types of immunity pg 705 | active vs. passive; active= shots, vaccines; passive= received from mother (breast milk, placenta, etc.)
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| Vaccines and uses (specifically Haemophilus influenzae type b) pg 713 | get flu shot each year b/c not life-long immunity and strands of flu keeps changing; limited amount of immunity
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| Indications of use for antivenin pg 708 | used to counteract venom of venomous animal
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| Routes of exposure for bioterrorism agents pg 716 | airborne/inhalation, contact, ingestion
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| Pneumovax vaccine routes of administration pg 711 | given SubQ
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| Differences in sarcoma, and carcinoma pg 723 | sarcoma= connective tissues (bones, cartilage, lymph cancer, etc.) carcimona= lungs and GI
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| Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: treatment and prevention of. Pg 742 | prevention/prophylaxis is best treatment… give antiemetic prior to (during, and after if necessary); big thing to remember is to be given 30-60 minutes prior to treatment
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| Extravasation pg 750 | infiltration that causes necrosis; medications that cause extravasation are called vesicants
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| Spill of chemotherapy pg 754 | need spill kit; special kit used just for cleaning up chemotherapy spills
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| Dose limiting factor of interferon therapy pg 768 | fatigue
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| Monoclonal antibodies, indications and action pg 769 | target specific cancer cells leaving normal healthy cells alone
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| Capillary leak syndrome pg 773 | capillaries have an increase in permeability thus allowing leakage of fluids and proteins causing severe 3rd spacing (like 20-30 pounds of excess fluid) - can cause edema everywhere i.e in the lungs; and ascites
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| Epoetin alfa (alpha) pg 766 | synthetic erythropoietin- stimulates production of RBCs
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| Oprelvekin pg 765 | stimulates bone marrow cells to produce platelets
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| Administration of IM iron injections pg 861 | should be done via Z track
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| Folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects pg 859 | neural tube defects= spinabifida; ideally female should be taking folic acid any time when trying to become pregnant to prevent defects; recommended for prevention of neural tube defects
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| Drug classes used to treat intraocular pressure pg 887 | osmotic diuretics (mannitol and glycerine), carbonic anihydrase inhibitors
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| Indications for use of direct and indirect acting miotics pg 882 | used in both open and closed angle glaucoma
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| Antidote for anticholinesterase eye medications pg 883 | atropine (cholinergic medication)
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| Contraindications for use of ophthalmic corticosteroids pg 890 | infection (b/c of immunosuppressed state)
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| Proper application of eye drops pg 896 | drop in conjunctival sac and apply pressure on inner canthus
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| Ophthalmic solutions used for local anesthesia for ocular surgery pg 894 | not Rx’d for home use- used to numb eye for examinations and surgery; think of the “–caine” medications (novacaine, tetracaine, etc.)
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| Contraindications for use of ear drops pg 902 | perforated ear drum/tympanic membrane
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| Uses of both antibiotic and corticosteroid ear drops pg 901 | antibiotics given for ear canal and outer ear infection; steroid (anti-inflammatory) drops given to decrease inflammation allowing the ear drops to get in better. So, reduces inflammation and resolve infections.
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| Indications for use of carbamide peroxide ear drops pg 901 | earwax emulsifier; dissolve and aid in removal of ear wax
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| Use of parmoxine in otic preparations pg 901 | local anesthetic; relieves pain
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| Symptoms of otitis media pg 900 | ear pain, fever, occasional disturbance in balance and nausea
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| Directions for administration of ear drops pg 903 | room temperature; adults- ear goes up and back; children- ear goes down and back; lay on unaffected side for 5 minutes to allow medication to work in affected side; can put loose cotton in ear--- ***do not pack it in ear***
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