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pharm II exam 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Estrogen pg 522-523 | used for hormone replacement; contraindications: estrogen dependent cancers |
| Triphasic contraceptives pg 526 | most naturally mimics a woman’s own menstrual cycle |
| Drug interactions with oral contraceptives pg 526 | antibiotics, rifampin, INH: deactivates contraceptive action of birth control, patient need to take other measures of birth control. Coumadin: potentiates anticoagulation effects (makes it thinner) |
| Risk factors for osteoporosis pg 527 | being female, age, cancer, low calcium diet, not enough dietary intake, history of eating disorder (anorexia or bulimia), hypothyroidism |
| Testosterone routes of administration pg 541 | topical or IM; not given orally b/c has a high 1st pass effect; best administration for IM is Z Track method |
| Indications for Androgen therapy in females pg 545 | endometriosis, fibrocystic disease, inoperable breast cancer |
| Sildenafil and nitrates pg 543 | sildenafil = Viagra; when sildenafil and nitrate taken together BP drops (hypotensive) - possible death occurs |
| Uses of NSAIDs pg 679 | anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, pain relief |
| Use of allopurinol and therapeutic effects pg 690 | used for gout; know it is working because decrease in uric acid and s/s associated with gout |
| Colchicine uses and effects pg 690 | use for gout; know it is working because decrease in uric acid and s/s associated with gout |
| Aspirin and children pg 684 | don’t give b/c of Reyes syndrome |
| Aspirin and cardiovascular disease pg 683 | anti-platelet, promotes platelet flow and prevents platelet aggregation |
| Contraindications for use of NSAIDS pg 681 | PUD- should not take NSAIDS b/c it can increase chances of bleeding; Renal disease; Vitamin K deficiency (not one of answer choices). |
| Contraindications for use of glucosamine-chondroitin supplements pg 687 | Type 2 DM b/c increases blood sugars |
| Azathioprine therapy and expected adverse effects pg 696 | leukopenia and thrombocytopenia; can have hepatotoxicity (be hepatotoxic); used in Rheumatoid Arthritis, and kidney transplant patients |
| Allopurinol and cyclosporine pg 697 | allopurinol inhibits the metabolism of cyclosporine; given together because allopurinol stops cyclosporine from breaking down but must monitor blood levels b/c of increased chances of toxicity |
| Monoclonial antibodies and methylprednisolone sodium succinate pg 699 | methylprednisolone(steroid, anti-inflammatory, cause immunosuppressant) given prior to monoclonial antibodies to prevent anaphylaxis |
| Muromonab CD3 indications for use and advantage pg 696 | only drug approved for the use of the treatment when a patient has already gone into acute rejection—all others are aimed at prophylaxis; used to try and reverse rejection |
| Types of immunity pg 705 | active vs. passive; active= shots, vaccines; passive= received from mother (breast milk, placenta, etc.) |
| Vaccines and uses (specifically Haemophilus influenzae type b) pg 713 | get flu shot each year b/c not life-long immunity and strands of flu keeps changing; limited amount of immunity |
| Indications of use for antivenin pg 708 | used to counteract venom of venomous animal |
| Routes of exposure for bioterrorism agents pg 716 | airborne/inhalation, contact, ingestion |
| Pneumovax vaccine routes of administration pg 711 | given SubQ |
| Differences in sarcoma, and carcinoma pg 723 | sarcoma= connective tissues (bones, cartilage, lymph cancer, etc.) carcimona= lungs and GI |
| Chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting: treatment and prevention of. Pg 742 | prevention/prophylaxis is best treatment… give antiemetic prior to (during, and after if necessary); big thing to remember is to be given 30-60 minutes prior to treatment |
| Extravasation pg 750 | infiltration that causes necrosis; medications that cause extravasation are called vesicants |
| Spill of chemotherapy pg 754 | need spill kit; special kit used just for cleaning up chemotherapy spills |
| Dose limiting factor of interferon therapy pg 768 | fatigue |
| Monoclonal antibodies, indications and action pg 769 | target specific cancer cells leaving normal healthy cells alone |
| Capillary leak syndrome pg 773 | capillaries have an increase in permeability thus allowing leakage of fluids and proteins causing severe 3rd spacing (like 20-30 pounds of excess fluid) - can cause edema everywhere i.e in the lungs; and ascites |
| Epoetin alfa (alpha) pg 766 | synthetic erythropoietin- stimulates production of RBCs |
| Oprelvekin pg 765 | stimulates bone marrow cells to produce platelets |
| Administration of IM iron injections pg 861 | should be done via Z track |
| Folic acid and the prevention of neural tube defects pg 859 | neural tube defects= spinabifida; ideally female should be taking folic acid any time when trying to become pregnant to prevent defects; recommended for prevention of neural tube defects |
| Drug classes used to treat intraocular pressure pg 887 | osmotic diuretics (mannitol and glycerine), carbonic anihydrase inhibitors |
| Indications for use of direct and indirect acting miotics pg 882 | used in both open and closed angle glaucoma |
| Antidote for anticholinesterase eye medications pg 883 | atropine (cholinergic medication) |
| Contraindications for use of ophthalmic corticosteroids pg 890 | infection (b/c of immunosuppressed state) |
| Proper application of eye drops pg 896 | drop in conjunctival sac and apply pressure on inner canthus |
| Ophthalmic solutions used for local anesthesia for ocular surgery pg 894 | not Rx’d for home use- used to numb eye for examinations and surgery; think of the “–caine” medications (novacaine, tetracaine, etc.) |
| Contraindications for use of ear drops pg 902 | perforated ear drum/tympanic membrane |
| Uses of both antibiotic and corticosteroid ear drops pg 901 | antibiotics given for ear canal and outer ear infection; steroid (anti-inflammatory) drops given to decrease inflammation allowing the ear drops to get in better. So, reduces inflammation and resolve infections. |
| Indications for use of carbamide peroxide ear drops pg 901 | earwax emulsifier; dissolve and aid in removal of ear wax |
| Use of parmoxine in otic preparations pg 901 | local anesthetic; relieves pain |
| Symptoms of otitis media pg 900 | ear pain, fever, occasional disturbance in balance and nausea |
| Directions for administration of ear drops pg 903 | room temperature; adults- ear goes up and back; children- ear goes down and back; lay on unaffected side for 5 minutes to allow medication to work in affected side; can put loose cotton in ear--- ***do not pack it in ear*** |
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lalad13
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