ANP1050 CH25
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| Name the 5 stages of digestion. | 1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Compaction
5. Defecation
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| Define: Ingestion | Selective intake of food
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| Define: Digestion | mechanical & chemical breakdown of food into a form usable by the body
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| Define: Absorption | uptake of nutrient molecules into the epithelial cells of the digestive tract & then into the blood & lymph
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| Define: Compaction | absorbing water & consolidation the indigestible residue into feces
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| Define: Defecation | elimination of feces
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| What is peristalsis? | propelling of contents through the digestive tract by smooth muscle
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| What organs make up the alimentary canal? | - Mouth
- Pharynx
- Esophagus
- Stomach
- Small Intestine
- Large Intestine (Colon)
- Anal Canal
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| What are the accessory organs of the digestive system? | - Salivary glands
- Teeth
- Tongue
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
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| What is the function of the salivary glands? | Secretes saliva, which contains enzymes that initiate breakdown of carbohydrates.
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| What is the function of the liver? | Produces bile which emulsifies fat.
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| What is the function of the gallbladder? | Stores bile and introduces it into the small intestine.
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| What is the function of the pancreas? | Produces & secretes pancreatic juices which contain digestive enzymes & bicarbonate ions into the small intestines.
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| What is the function of the mouth? | Response for the mechanical breakdown of food; begins with chemical digestion of carbohydrates.
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| What is the function of the pharynx? | Connects the mouth to the esophagus.
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| What is the function of the esophagus? | Peristalsis pushes food to the stomach.
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| What is the function of the stomach? | Secretes acid & enzymes that mix with food to begin digestion.
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| What is the function of the small intestine? | Mixes food w/ bile & pancreatic juices. Location of final enzymatic breakdown of food molecules. Main site of nutrient absorption.
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| What is the function of the large intestine? | Absorbs water & electrolytes to form feces.
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| What is the function of the rectum? | Regulates the elimination of feces.
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| Name the tissue layers from inner to outer surface & their function. | - Mucosa (ridges for absorbing food)
- Submucosa (blood vessels, lymphatic vessels)
- Muscularis externa (2 muscles layers to propel food)
- Serosa (fibrous, connective tissue)
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| Define: Mesentery | Membrane which holds the organ in place withing the cavity, blood vessels & nerves run through it.
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| What is the difference between the lesser and greater omentum? | Lesser = anterior serous membrane that attaches the stomach and liver.
Greater = anterior serous membrane that hangs in front of the intestines and covers the small intestine like an apron
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| What is the peritoneum? | Membrane that covers the abdominal wall (parietal) & organs (visceral).
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| How many of each type of tooth is there & what is the function of each: Incisors Cuspids Molars | 8 Incisors - Bite off large pieces
4 Cuspids - Grasp & tear
8 Molars - Grind
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| What is the 2 main areas of the tooth? | Root & crown
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| What attaches the tooth to the periodontal ligament? | Cementum
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| What is the function of the periodontal ligament? | Anchors tooth in jaw
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| What is the function of saliva? | Moistens & cleanses the mouth, inhibits bacteria growth, dissolves molecules so they can stimulate the taste buds, digests starch & fat, and makes swallowing easier by binding the food particles into a soft mass (bolus) & lubricate it with mucus.
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| What type of solution is saliva and what solutes are found in it? | Hypotonic (pH 6.8-7.0) & contains mucus, electrolytes, lysozymes (enzyme that kills bacteria), immunoglobulin A (IgA) (an antibacterial antibody), salivary amylase (enzyme that begins starch digestion in the mouth), lingual lipase (enzyme that begins fat)
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| What does the parotid salivary glands secrete? | Clear, watery serous fluid that is rich in amylase.
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| What does the sublingual salivary glands secrete? | Primarily viscous mucus
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| What does the submandibular salivary glands secrete? | Primarily serous fluid w/ some mucus.
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