Exam 2 - Acids and Bases
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| Give 3 examples of acidic foods. | Oranges, lemons, vinegar
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| What strong acid is present in automobile batteries? | Sulfuric acid
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| What base is commonly used as a household cleaner? | Ammonia
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| Name a chemically basic medication used for heartburn. | Antacids
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| Antacids are chemically __________ and used to treat _________. | basic, heartburn
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| What does the Bronsted-Lowry definition state about acids and bases? | Acids donate protons, bases accept protons
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| How is acidic strength determined? | The extent of dissociation of a base or acid in an aqueous solution
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| Give an example of a strong acid and why it is considered to be "strong". | Hydrochloric acid because it almost completely dissolves into hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in water
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| What ion concentration determines the acidity of a solution? | Hydrogen ions
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| The ___________ defines the acidity of a solution while the measurement of acidity is performed by using a _____________. | hydrogen ion concentration, pH electrode
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| What is the equation for calculating pH? | -log[H+]
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| Strong acids have a (high/low) concentration of hydrogen ions in water. | High
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| Weak acids have a (high/low) concentration of hydrogen ions in water. | Low
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| Name 4 strong acids. | Hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric
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| Give 1 example of a weak acid. | Acetic acid (vinegar)
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| Vinegar, a weak acid, is chemically written as _____________. | CH3COOH
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| Hydroxide ions are produced when an (acid/base) is placed in water. | Base
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| Many bases exist as _____________. | Metallic hydroxides
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| Identify 4 different metallic hydroxides. | KOH, NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2
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| Give examples of 4 strong bases seen in clinical practice. | All hydroxides --> Lithium, sodium, barium, potassium
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| What metallic hydroxide is used in the treatment of manic depression? | Lithium hyroxide
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| What metallic hydroxide is used in carbon dioxide absorbers? | Barium hydroxide
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| What are the 7 acids produced by the body? | Ketoacid, uric, hydrochloric, lactic, carbonic, pyruvic, proteins
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| What are the 4 bases produced by the body? | Phosphate, bicarbonate, ammonia, proteins
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| The numerical pH of a solution and the amount of hydrogen ions is (directly/inversely) related. | Inversely
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| What is physiologic pH and what is the goal pH for patients? | 7.4, goal between 7.35-7.45
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| What is the definition of a buffer? | A solution whose pH changes very little when exposed to small amounts of acids or bases
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| What purpose do blood buffers have in the body? | Maintain blood pH within a range as close to physiologic pH as possible
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| What are the three buffer systems of the body? | Carbonate, phosphate, proteins
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| What component in blood serves as a protein buffer? | albumin
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| What is the chemical that serves as a buffer in renal tubules? | Ammonia
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| Ammonia is a blood buffer that is produced in what part of the kidneys? | Renal tubules
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Created by:
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