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NU 624
Exam 2 - Acids and Bases
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Give 3 examples of acidic foods. | Oranges, lemons, vinegar |
| What strong acid is present in automobile batteries? | Sulfuric acid |
| What base is commonly used as a household cleaner? | Ammonia |
| Name a chemically basic medication used for heartburn. | Antacids |
| Antacids are chemically __________ and used to treat _________. | basic, heartburn |
| What does the Bronsted-Lowry definition state about acids and bases? | Acids donate protons, bases accept protons |
| How is acidic strength determined? | The extent of dissociation of a base or acid in an aqueous solution |
| Give an example of a strong acid and why it is considered to be "strong". | Hydrochloric acid because it almost completely dissolves into hydrogen (H+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in water |
| What ion concentration determines the acidity of a solution? | Hydrogen ions |
| The ___________ defines the acidity of a solution while the measurement of acidity is performed by using a _____________. | hydrogen ion concentration, pH electrode |
| What is the equation for calculating pH? | -log[H+] |
| Strong acids have a (high/low) concentration of hydrogen ions in water. | High |
| Weak acids have a (high/low) concentration of hydrogen ions in water. | Low |
| Name 4 strong acids. | Hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulfuric, nitric |
| Give 1 example of a weak acid. | Acetic acid (vinegar) |
| Vinegar, a weak acid, is chemically written as _____________. | CH3COOH |
| Hydroxide ions are produced when an (acid/base) is placed in water. | Base |
| Many bases exist as _____________. | Metallic hydroxides |
| Identify 4 different metallic hydroxides. | KOH, NaOH, Mg(OH)2, Ca(OH)2 |
| Give examples of 4 strong bases seen in clinical practice. | All hydroxides --> Lithium, sodium, barium, potassium |
| What metallic hydroxide is used in the treatment of manic depression? | Lithium hyroxide |
| What metallic hydroxide is used in carbon dioxide absorbers? | Barium hydroxide |
| What are the 7 acids produced by the body? | Ketoacid, uric, hydrochloric, lactic, carbonic, pyruvic, proteins |
| What are the 4 bases produced by the body? | Phosphate, bicarbonate, ammonia, proteins |
| The numerical pH of a solution and the amount of hydrogen ions is (directly/inversely) related. | Inversely |
| What is physiologic pH and what is the goal pH for patients? | 7.4, goal between 7.35-7.45 |
| What is the definition of a buffer? | A solution whose pH changes very little when exposed to small amounts of acids or bases |
| What purpose do blood buffers have in the body? | Maintain blood pH within a range as close to physiologic pH as possible |
| What are the three buffer systems of the body? | Carbonate, phosphate, proteins |
| What component in blood serves as a protein buffer? | albumin |
| What is the chemical that serves as a buffer in renal tubules? | Ammonia |
| Ammonia is a blood buffer that is produced in what part of the kidneys? | Renal tubules |
Created by:
philip.truong
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