Microbiology Quiz Chapters 8 and 16
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| hypertonic solution | is a solution having a greater osmotic pressure than cells placed into that solution; a higher concentration of solutes exists outside the cells.
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| Explain what happens in plasmolysis | cell shrinkage as a result of a loss of water from the cell’s cytoplasm
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| hypotonic solution | having a lower osmotic pressure than cells placed into that solution; a lower concentration of solutes exists outside the cell
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| Explain what happens in plasmoptysis? | pressure becomes so great that the cell ruptures, the escape of cytoplasm from the cells
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| isotonic solution | A solution having the same osmotic pressure as cells placed into that solution; when the
concentration of solutes outside the cell equals the concentration of solutes inside the cell
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| Sterilization | is the destruction or elimination of all microbes, including cells, spores and viruses in or on something
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| How is sterilization achieved? | Sterilization of objects can be accomplished by physical or chemical methods. Dry heat, autoclaving, ethylene oxide gas, various chemicals, and in some situations certain types of radiation light and gamma rays are used.
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| Sterile | free of all living microorganism, including spores.
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| Disinfection | is the process of destroying pathogens and their toxins. Objects are usually are disinfected by liquid or wet pasteurization
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| Disinfectant | is a chemical agent used to destroy pathogens or inhibit their growth and vital activity, usually refers to a chemical agent used on nonliving materials
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| Pasteurization | a heating process that kills pathogens in milk, wines, and other beverages
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| Antisepsis | the prevention of infection by inhibiting the growth of pathogens.
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| Antiseptics | an agent or substance capable of effecting antisepsis; usually refers to a chemical disinfectant that is safe to use on skin and other living tissues.
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| Autoclave | an apparatus used for sterilization by steam under pressure
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| Bactericidal Agents | a chemical agent or drug that kills bacteria
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| Bacteriostatic Agents | chemical agent or drug that inhibits that growth of bacteria
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| Chemical Disinfection | few disinfectants will kill bacterial spores with prolonged exposures times.
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| Medical Asepsis | is the absence of pathogens in a patient’s environment
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| Surgical Asepsis | is the absence of microorganisms in a surgical environment.
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| Acquired Immunity | is the immunity or resistance acquired at some point in an individual’s lifetime.
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| Active Acquired Immunity | is the immunity or resistance acquired as a result of the active production of antibodies
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| Natural Active Acquired Immunity | active acquired immunity that is acquired naturally
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| Artifical Active Acquired Immunity | active acquired immunity that is induced artificially.
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| Passive Acquired Immunity | an immunity or resistance acquired as a result of antibodies produced by another person or by an animal
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| Natural Passive Acquired Immunity | acquired in a natural manner.
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| Artifical Passive Acquired Immunity | is induced artificially
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| Example of Active Acquired Immunity | If the antibodies are actually produced within the person’s body this is called active acquired immunity.
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| Example of Natural Active Acquired Immunity | People who have had a specific infection usually have developed some resistance to reinfection by the causative pathogen because of the presence of antibodies and stimulate lymphocytes.
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| Example of Artifical Active Acquired Immunity | This type of immunity results when a person receives a vaccine.
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| Example of Passive Acquired Immunity | when the person receives antibodies that were produced by another person or by more than one person or animals.
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| Example of Natural Passive Acquired Immunity | a fetus receiving maternal antibodies in utero and an infant receiving maternal antibodies in colostrum.
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| Example of Artifical Passive Acquired Immunity | receiving a shot of gamma globulin.
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