Infection Control
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| Infection | invasion of suceptible host by harmful pathogens resulting in disease
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| Colonization | Presence and growth of microoganisms without invasion or damage
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| When does a disease occur? | If pathogen multiply and alter tissue function
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| What is the chain of infection? | Infectius agent
Reservoir
Portal of Exit
Mode of Transmission
Portal of Entry
Susceptible Host
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| Types of Infectious Agents? | Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa
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| Example of resident and transient? | Resident: Ecoli
Transient: Flu
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| What is an infectious agent? | # of microorganisms present, ability to produce disease, ability to enter and survive in host, and susceptability of host.
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| Pathogen | Disease producing microorganism
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| Most common Reservoir | Human
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| Characteristics of Reservoir | Food
Oxygen
Water
Temperature
PH (5-8 Urine/ 4-6 Stomach Acid)
Light
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| Where can pathogens exit through? | Skin, Mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract,& blood.
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| What are the modes of transmission? | Hands, Contact, Air, Vehicles, Vectors,
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| What is Direct Transmission and example? | Direct Contact.
Hands of CNA touching patient
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| What is Indirect Transmission and example? | Transmitted from contaminated equipment being used.
Blood pressure cuff put on patient
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| What is a vehicle of transmission? | Blood, Food, Water.
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| Most common Reservoir | Human
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| Characteristics of Reservoir | Food
Oxygen
Water
Temperature
PH (5-8 Urine/ 4-6 Stomach Acid)
Light
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| Where can pathogens exit through? | Skin, Mucous membranes, respiratory tract, GI tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract,& blood.
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| Are patients in health care places more susceptible for infection? | Yes, they can have multiple ilnesses, are older, and are usually poorly nourished.
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| What are the modes of transmission? | Hands, Contact, Air, Vehicles, Vectors,
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| What is Medical Asepsis? | Clean technique that reduces # of transfer pathogens such as washing hands and disposing of dirty items.
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| What is Direct Transmission and example? | Direct Contact.
Hands of CNA touching patient
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| What is surgical asepsis? | Sterilization
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| What is Indirect Transmission and example? | Transmitted from contaminated equipment being used.
Blood pressure cuff put on patient
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| What is disinfection? | Type of clean technique that destroys pathogenic organisms EXCEPT spores.
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| What is a vehicle of transmission? | Blood, Food, Water.
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| What is a Vector of Transmission? | Can Fly! : Tick, Fleas, Mosquitos.
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| What makes a susceptible host? | Infatns or older adults, poor nutrition, physiologic stress, heredity, the disease process, and medical treatment.
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| When is sterile technique used? | Puncturing the skin
skin integrity is broken
Inserting into sterile body cavity
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| Are patients in health care places more susceptible for infection? | Yes, they can have multiple ilnesses, are older, and are usually poorly nourished.
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| What is Medical Asepsis? | Clean technique that reduces # of transfer pathogens such as washing hands and disposing of dirty items.
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| What is surgical asepsis? | Sterilization
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| What is disinfection? | Type of clean technique that destroys pathogenic organisms EXCEPT spores.
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| Examples of disinfectants? | Alcohols, formaldehyde, sodium, hydrochloride, iodine, hydrogen, peroxide.
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| What do Antiseptic agents do? | Inhibit the growth of micro organisms.
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| When is sterile technique used? | Puncturing the skin
skin integrity is broken
Inserting into sterile body cavity
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| Where are most infections acquired? | Health Care Settings
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| What is an Exogenous Infection and example? | Microorganisms found outside the individual
ex- Salmonella, Clostridium tetani, Aspergillus
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| What is an Endogenous Infection and examples? | Occures when part of patient's flor becomes altered and an overgrowth results.
ex - Staphylococci, enterococci, yeasts, and streptococci
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| Major reservoir of Escherichia colo? | Colon
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| Major reservoir of Staphylococcus aureus? | Skin, hair, upper Respiratory tract
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| Major reservoir of Streptococcus (Group A Organisms)? | Oropharynx, skin, peri area
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| Major reservoir of Streptococcus (Group B Organisms)? | Adult Genitalia
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| Major reservoir of Mycobacterium tuberculosis? | Droplet nuclei from lungs
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| Major reservoir of Gonorrhoeae? | Genitourinary tract, rectum, mouth.
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| Major reservoir of Rickettsia rickettsii? | Wood tick
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| Major reservoir of Staphylococcus epidermidis? | Skin
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| Major Reservoir of Hepatitis A? | Feces
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| Major reservoir of Hepatitis B? | Blood, certain body fluids,tissues invovled in sexual contact
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| Major reservoir of Hepatitis C? | Blood, certain body fluids, tissues invovlved in sexual contact
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| Major reservoir of Herpes? | Lesions of mouth, skin, genitals
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| Major reservoir of HIV? | Blood, semen, vaginal secretions via sexual contact
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| Reservoir of Aspergillus organisms? | soil, dust, mouth, skin, colon, genital tract
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| Reservoir of Candida albicans | skin, mouth, genital tract
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| Reservoir of Plasmodium falciparum? | Blood
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| Body's natural response to injury or infection? | Inflammation
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| Bacteria that normally doesn't cause disease and resides in human body? | Flora
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| Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment of infection that eliminates or changes normal flora causing? | Suprainfection
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| Systemic signs and symptoms? | Fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, lymph node enlargement
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| Antigen | Foreign material
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| Normal White Blood cell count | 5,000 - 10,000/mm^3
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| Normal Iron Level | Male: 80-180 mcg/dl
Female: 60-160 mcg/dl
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| Normal Urinalysis? | Nitrite and leukocyte negative
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| Normal Neutorphil percentage? | 55-70%
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| Normal Lymphocyte level? | 20-40%
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| Normal Monocyte Percentage? | 2-8%
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| Normal Eosinophils percentage? | 1-4%
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| Normal Basophil percentage? | 0.5-1%
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| Objective data examples? | Elevated temperature, open draining wound, inflammation of wound site
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| Subjective data examples? | Patient complains of chills, malaise or tenderness at wound site.
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| Airborne diseases? | Meases, chickenpox, varicella
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| Droplet diseases? | rubella, pneumonia, pertussis, mumps.
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| Gastrointestinal defeses against infection are altered by? | antacids and histamine 2 Blockers
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| Order in which the PPE should be applied before entering isolation room | Mask
Gown
Gloves
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| A patient who has had a transplatn will require what type of isolation? | Protective
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| A nurse implements droplet precaustions for the patient with: | Rubella
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