Carbohydrates
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| carbohydrate | organic compound made of varying numbers of monosaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| monosaccharide | single sugar
🗑
|
||||
| disaccharide | two simple sugars bonded together
🗑
|
||||
| simple carb/sugar | category of carbs consisting of mono- and disaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| hexose | monosaccharide made of 6 carbon atoms
🗑
|
||||
| glucose | a six-carbon monosaccharide produced by photosynthesis in plants
🗑
|
||||
| photosynthesis | process whereby plants use nrg from the sun to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water
🗑
|
||||
| fructose | sugar found in fruits and vegetables (levulose)
🗑
|
||||
| high-fructose corn syrup | substance derived from corn that is used to sweeten foods and beverages
🗑
|
||||
| galactose | 6-carbon monosaccharide found mainly bonded with glucose to form the milk sugar lactose
🗑
|
||||
| lactose | disaccharide consisting of glucose and galactose (mammary glands)
🗑
|
||||
| maltose | disaccharide consisting of two glucose bonded together; formed from the breakdown of starch
🗑
|
||||
| sucrose | disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose (found in F & V)
🗑
|
||||
| glycosidic bond | a type of chemical bond that forms between 2 monos
🗑
|
||||
| alpha glycosidic bond | a downward-facing type of glycosidic bond between 2 monos
🗑
|
||||
| beta glycosidic bond | an upward-facing type of glycosidic bond between 2 monos
🗑
|
||||
| complex carbs | category of carbs that includes oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| oligosaccharide | made of 3-12 monos
🗑
|
||||
| polysaccharide | complex carbs made of many monos 13+
🗑
|
||||
| amylose | a type of starch consisting of a linear (unbranced) chain of glucose molecules
🗑
|
||||
| amylopectin | a type of starch consisting of a highly branched arrangement of glucose molecules
🗑
|
||||
| glycogen | polysaccharide consisting of a highly branched arrangement of glucose molecules (found in liver and skeletal muscles)
🗑
|
||||
| carb loading | technique used to increase the body's glycogen stores
🗑
|
||||
| fiber | poly found in plants that is not digested or absorbed in the human small intestin
🗑
|
||||
| dietary fiber | fiber that naturally occurs in plants
🗑
|
||||
| functional fiber | fiber that is added to food to provide beneficial physiological effects
🗑
|
||||
| total fiber | the combination of dietary fiber and functional fiber
🗑
|
||||
| diverticular disease, or diverticulosis | condition in large intestin; characterized by the presence of pouches that form along the intestinal wall
🗑
|
||||
| diverticulitits | inflammation of divericula (pouches) in the lining of the large intestin
🗑
|
||||
| soluble fiber | fiber that dissolves in water
🗑
|
||||
| insoluble fiber | fiber that does not dissolve in water
🗑
|
||||
| bran | the outer later of a grain; contains most of the fiber
🗑
|
||||
| germ | the portion of a grain that contains most of its vitamins and minerals
🗑
|
||||
| endosperm | the portion of a grain that contains mostly starch
🗑
|
||||
| whole-grain foods | cereal grains that contain bran, endosperm, and germ in the same relative proportion as they exist naturally
🗑
|
||||
| salivary alpha-amylase | enzyme(salivary gland)that digests starch by hydrolyzing a-1,4 glycosidic bonds
🗑
|
||||
| dextrin | a partial breakdown product formed during starch digestion, consistinf of varying numbers of glucose untis
🗑
|
||||
| pancreatic a-amylase | enzyme(pancreas) which digests starch by hydrolyzing a-1,4 glycosidic bonds
🗑
|
||||
| maltase | brush border enzyme that hydrolyzes maltose into glucose molecules
🗑
|
||||
| brush border enzyme | enzyme(enterocytes) which aids in the final steps of digestion
🗑
|
||||
| limit dextrin | a partial breakdown product formed during amylopectin digestion that contains 3-4 glucose molecules and an a-1,6 glycosidic bond
🗑
|
||||
| a-dextrinase | brush border enzyme that hydrolyzes a-1,6 glycosidic bonds
🗑
|
||||
| disaccharidase | brush border enzyme that hydrolyzes g-bonds to disaccharides
🗑
|
||||
| sucrase | brush border enzyme that hydrolyzes sucrose into glucose and fructose
🗑
|
||||
| lactase | brush border enzyme that hydrolyzes into glucose and galactose
🗑
|
||||
| lactose intolerance | inability to digest the milk sugar lactose; lack of lactase
🗑
|
||||
| glycemic response | the change in blood glucose following the ingestion of a specific food
🗑
|
||||
| glycemic index(GI) | a rating system used to categorize foods according to the relative glycemic responses they elicit
🗑
|
||||
| glycemic load(GL) | a rating system used to categorize the body's glycemic response to foods that takes into account of carb typically found in a single serving of the food
🗑
|
||||
| insulin | hormone secreted by the pancreatic B-cells in response to increased blood glucose
🗑
|
||||
| glucagon | hormone secreted by the pancreatic a-cells in response to decreased blood glucose
🗑
|
||||
| glucose transporters | proteins that assist in the transport of glucose molecules across cell membranes
🗑
|
||||
| insulin-responsive glucose transporters | glucose transporters that require insulin to function
🗑
|
||||
| insulin receptors | proteins(surface of cell membranes) that bind insulin
🗑
|
||||
| hyperglycemia | abnormally high level of glucose in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| impaired glucose regulation | condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| glycogenesis | formation of glycogen
🗑
|
||||
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low level of glucose in the blood
🗑
|
||||
| reactive hypoglycemia | low blood glucose that occurs when the pancreas releases too much insulin in response to eating carb-rich foods
🗑
|
||||
| fasting hypoglycemia | low blood glucose that occurs when the pancreas releases excess insulin during periods of low food intake
🗑
|
||||
| glycogenolysis | the breakdown of liver & muscle glycogen into glucose
🗑
|
||||
| epinephrine | hormone released from the adrenal glands in response to stress; helps increase blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis
🗑
|
||||
| gluconeogenesis | synthesis of glucose from noncarb sources
🗑
|
||||
| cortisol | hormone secreted by the adrenal glands in response to stress; helps increase blood glucose availability via gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis
🗑
|
||||
| ketone | organic compound used as an nrg source during starvation, fasting, low-carb diets, or uncontrolled diabetes
🗑
|
||||
| ketogenesis | metabolic pathway that leads to the production of ketones
🗑
|
||||
| ketosis | condition resulting from excessive ketones in the blood
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
syfisher
Popular Science sets