Anatomy and Physiology of the bird
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| Name given to the tailbone of a bird | Phygostyle
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| Where does mechanical digestion take place in birds | The gizzard
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| What is the cloaca | The common exit for the urinary, reproductive and digestive system
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| Name given to the voice box of a bird | Syrinx
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| What skeletal adaptations allow the bird to fly | Some bones are pneumatic
Reduced number of bones
Reduced bone density
Some bones are fused and strengthened
Network of bony braces
Thinner Bones
Some bones are hollow and contain air sacs
Lightweight
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| What is the Chonae | Located on the roof of the mouth. It is a slit that connects through some passages to the nostrils
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| What is the name given to the true stomach | Proventriculus
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| Why are there two jugular veins in a bird | So that severe twists of the head does not cut off the circulation
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| What does the avian Cardiovascular system consist of | The avian heart, blood vessels and lymphatic system. Have the same purpose and function as other vertebrates. The avian heart is FOUR chambered and works similarly
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| What are feathers made up of | Keratin
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| What is the function of the pectoral girdle | composed of scapula, clavicle, coracoid on either side. These act as supports to protect against forces generated by wind
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| What is the keel | Strengthened sternum
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| What bones make up the wings of a bird | Humerus, Radius, Ulna, Aluna, Major Metacarpal
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| What are the functions of air sacs | Aid in buoyancy
Aid in respiration
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| What is the function of the Down feathers | lie underneath the contour feathers and provide insulation
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| What is the function of the Primary feathers | Long rigid feathers found in the tail and wings which assist with flight
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| What is the function of the Alula | Caries a few feathers and is important for landing and taking off
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| What does counter current relate to | This is when the vessels in the back legs run alongside each other for thermoregulation
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| What is h=the renal Portal System | Second route by which blood moves from the back half of the body through the kidneys before returning to the heart.
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| What is the Uropygial Gland | Located in some birds at the base of the tail, it is used to make the feathers waterproof. A preen gland which takes secretions via the birds beak to the feathers
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| What is the urinary waste product of birds | Uric Acid
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