N303
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| Junction between two neurons or neuron & effector organ | Synapse
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| Electrical current flows directly from cell to cell | Electrical Synapse
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| Neurotransmitters aid in impulse transmission | Chemical Synapse
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| Left & Right Hemispheres Frontal, Temporal, Parietal & Occipital Lobes Cerebral Cortex | Cerebrum
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| Personality, Motor, Broca's | Frontal Lobe
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| Auditory, Wernicke's | Temporal Lobe
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| Sensory | Parietal Lobe
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| Visual | Occipital Lobe
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| Affects Motor speech - Understand words but cannot speak Expressive aphasia | Broca's area
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| Affects Ability to understand words and language Receptive aphasia | Wernicke's center
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| Affects motor & receptive gone | Global aphasia
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| Functional unit of the nervous system | Neuron
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| Neurons need an uninterrupted supply of ____ & ____ or they will die --> Brain Dmg | glucose & oxygen
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| Support, nourish & protect neurons (four types) | Neuroglia or Glial cells
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| Most strokes happen in frontal lobe: Brocca's area | Slurred Speech
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| Coordination of muscle movement Maintenance of equilibrium and muscle tone | Cerebellum
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| Ipsilateral Control | Same Side
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| Dmg. to this part of the brain stem, which controls resp. centers can lead to different respiratory patterns | Pons
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| No feedback in this part of the brain - continues to produce CSF (20 mL/hr) | Ventricular System
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| Fold in the meninges, Protective Structure Above: Supratentorial Below: Infratentorial | Tentorium
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| Prevents toxic substances from entering Permeable to what it needs: glucose, lipids Most Drugs CANNOT permeate | Blood Brain Barrier
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| Cranial Nerve: Pupil Control | III. Occulomotor
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| Cranial Nerve: Extra ocular eye movement | VI. Abducens
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| Cranial Nerve: Gag reflex | IX. Glossopharyngeal
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| Cranial Nerve: Involuntary functions of lungs | X. Vagus
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| Brain Veins --> | No Valves
(go w/gravity)
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| Brain Dmg., Deprived O2 --> Brain stem intact, but all content is gone | Persistent Vegetative State (PVS)
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| No function of Entire Brain & Brain Stem | Brain Death
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| Hypothermia & CNS depressants | Hide brain activity
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| Measures: Eyes opening Best verbal Response Best Motor response (best is 15) | Glasgow Coma Scale
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| Dmg. or tumor in cerebellum causes --> | loss of balance/coordination
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| Produced in the ventricles then moves to subarachnoid space No feedback --> Continuous production 20 mL/day (48 0mL/hr) | CSF
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| Low pressure | Venous
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| High pressure | Arterial
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| (Normal is +) Oculocephalic - Doll's Eyes Oculovestibular | Normal Reflexes
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| Ipsilateral dilated pupil | Structural compression on cranial nerve
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| Bilateral fixed dilated pupils | Ominous sign
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| (Normal is -) Grasp reflex Babinski | Pathologic Reflexes
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| Hydrostatic force measured in the brain cerebrospinal fluid compartment Brain tissue "water" - 78% Blood - 12% Cerebrospinal fluid - 10% | Intracranial Pressure
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| Normal ICP | <15 mm Hg
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| Measures Intracranial Volume ICV = H2O + CSF + CBV (Increase/decrease in one must be compensated for) | Monroe-Kellie Hypothesis
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| Manifestations of Increased ICP: 1. Decrease in LOC 2. Headache | Early
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| Manifestations of Increased ICP: 3. Vomiting (mid-part of brain) 4. Seizures (Any brain injury is prone to) | Late
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| Manifestations of Increased ICP: 5. Chg. in VS (Cushing's Triad) 6. Ocular Chgs. (Pupilary chgs.) 7. Decreased motor function or posturing | Really Late
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| Maintenance of Blood flow is critical because of O2 & Glucose demands of the brain - Maintained by Autoregulation | Cerebral Blood Flow
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| Alteration in diameter of vessels to maintain constant blood flow to the brain over a wide range in systematic arterial pressure | Cerebral Autoregulation
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| For autoregulation, MAP must be btwn: | 50 and 150 mmHg
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| DBP + 1/3 Pulse Pressure OR (2(DBP) + SBP)/3 | MAP
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| Loss of Cerebral Autoregulation leads to | Increased ICP
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| An abnormal flexion that indicates cerebral hemisphere dysfunction | Decorticate posturing
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| An abnormal extension that indicates brainstem dysfunction | Decerebrate posturing
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| inadequate oxygen delivery to meet cellular oxygen demands | Common to all shock states is
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lost little girl
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