Chest and Upper Extremity Midterm
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| 1. anatomy refers to | STRUCTURE of the body
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| 2. what term refers to the study of FUNCTION of the body? | physiology
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| 3. PATHOLOGY is the study of what? | diseases of the body
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| 4. a general knowledge of ______ helps the limited operator understand the reasons procedures are needed | PATHOLOGY
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| 5. how many levels of structural organization of the human body are there? | 6
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| 6. the smallest units of living things are called | cells
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| 7. tissues are defined as | a group of similar cells that work together to perform complex functions
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| 8. a group of tissues that work together to perform specialized and complex functions is called | an organ
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| 9. what is a system | a group of organs that work together to perform complex functions
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| 10. what is the highest level of human structural organization | system
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| 11. what are the main parts of a cell? | plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus
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| 12. which part of the cell encloses the cytoplasm and forms the outer boundary of the cell? | plasma membrane
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| 13. which tissue type is the most widely distributed and has the greatest variety of form and function | connective
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| 14. which tissue type functions to produce movement | muscle
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| 15. how many major organ systems comprise the human body? | 11
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| 16. which organ system is composed of the heart and the blood vessels? | the circulatory system
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| 17. which organ system does not function for the survival of the individual? | reproductive system
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| 18. how many bones in the body? | 206
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| 19. what are the parts of the "axial skeleton"? | skull
spine
sternum
ribs
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| 20. name some examples of "long bones" | femur
humerus
tibia
fibula
radius
ulna
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| 21. name some examples of "short bones" | carpal bones
tarsal bones
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| 22. a rounded process that forms part of a joint is called? | condyle
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| 23. a long, sharp, bony process is called | styloid
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| 24. a hole in a bone that provides a passage for nerves and blood vessels is called | foramen
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| 25. what term is applied to joints that are NOT moveable | synarthrosis
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| 26. movement of a part AWAY from the central axis is called | abduction
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| 27. what is anatomic position? | standing, facing the observer, palms forward, toes forward
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| 28. what does CEPHALAD mean? | towards the head
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| 29. term used to describe the back portion of the body | posterior
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| 30. the mid-coronal plane divides the body how? | anterior and posterior halves
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| 31. which body position term indicates that the patient is laying on their back? | supine
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| 32. when the patient is imaged in the PRONE position, the patient my be positioned how? | in a recumbent position, laying on their stomach
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| 33. which radiographic position requires a horizontal xray beam, and a recumbent body position? | decubitus
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| 34. an axial projection is achieved when the | CR is angled longitudinally more than 10 degrees
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| 35. what is indicated by a side marker? | the side of the patient being xrayed
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| 36. what is the result of imaging a patient in motion on an xray? | blurr
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| 37. a prediction of the course of the disease and the prospects for the patient's recovery is termed | prognosis
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| 38. if a disease is classified as a congenital disease, this means that | the condition was present at birth
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| 39. diseases that are characterized by a sudden onset of symptoms and or signs are called what type of conditions? | acute
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| 40. when the cause of a disease is unknown, then the disease is calssified as | idiopathic
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| 41. diseases that occur as a result of treatment by a HCP | iatrogenic
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| 42. which disease classification refers to those diseases acquired within the hospital | nosocomial
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| 43. what is the medical term for growth of a tumor | neoplasm
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| 44. what term is used to denote the spread of malignant neoplasm? | metastasis
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| 45. what makes up the "bony thorax" | 12 ribs
12 vertebrae
the sternum
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| 46. the uppermost portion of the sternum is called | the manubrium
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| 47. the indention in the top of the manubrium is called | manubrial notch
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| 48. the xiphoid process is located | at the distal tip of the sternum
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| 49. the middle portion or the body of the sternum is called | the gladiolus
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| 50. what name is given to the first 7 pairs of ribs? | true ribs
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| 51. how many pairs of ribs are classified as "false" ribs | the lower 5
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| 52. how many floating ribs are there? | 2 pairs
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| 53. what structure separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity? | the diaphragm
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| 54. what is found within the mediastinum? | heart
trachea
esophagus
the great vessels
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| 55. what does the term "great vessels" refer to? | vessels that carry blood to and from the heart
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| 56. how many lobes are in the right lung? | 3
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| 57. how many lobes are in the left lung? | 2
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| 58. the LATERAL INFERIOR corners of the lungs, visible on a PA chest xray are called? | costophrenic angles
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| 59. in which quadrant of the abdomen is the largest portion of the liver located | upper right
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| 60. if the patient is complaining of pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen, what part of the anatomy might be the cause of the pain? | appendix
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| 61. when the abdomen is divided into 9 parts, the upper middle portion is called | epigastric
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| 62. what is the primary function of the small intestine | digestion and absorption
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| 63. where is the gallbladder located? | on the under surface of the liver
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| 64. what is the function of the gallbladder? | store bile
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| 65. which organ manufactures enzymes that are essential to sugar metablosim | pancreas
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| 66. what body habitus term is applied to the person of normal size? | sthenic
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| 67. which body habitus is characterized as a massive stocky build? | hypersthenic
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| 68. which portion of the ribs is best demonstrated on the AP projection? | the posterior portion
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| 69. routine positions for the right 5th anterior rib are | PA and RAO
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| 70. routine postions for the left 10th posterior rib are | AP and LPO
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| 71. which ribs are best demonstrated when the exposure is made after the patient has suspended respiration after INSPIRATION | ribs 1-9
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| 72. what makes a CXR different from a rib xray? | 72"
higher kVp used on CXR
exposure may be made on expiration
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| 73. routine projections of the sternum include | PA and RAO
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| 74. when taking a PA projection of the chest, the recommended SID is | 72"
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| 75. what is the purpose of the 72" SID for a CXR? | minimizes magnification of the heart shadow
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| 76. why do we take a CXR upright? | air fluid levels
maximum lung expansion
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| 77. lateral projections of the chest are taken with the left side against the IR because | magnification of the cardiac silhouette is reduced with the left side near the IR, it places the heart closest to the film
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| 78. for a CXR, which body habitus is best visualized with the 14x17 film placed crosswise? | hypersthenic
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| 79. which of the following techniques is desirable for a CXR? | high kVp
high mA
short exposure time
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| 80. what do we do to rotate the scapula out of the lungs on a PA CXR? | place the back of the patients hands on their hips, and rotate the shoulders forward
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| 81. where does the CR enter the patient for the upright PA projection of the chest | midsagittal plane at the level of T7
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| 82. what is the proper placement of the arms for the upright, lateral projection of the chest | raised above the head, grasping opposite elbows
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| 83. what are the proper patient instructions for the PA projection of the chest | stop breathing after second deep inspiration
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| 84. which of the following projections is best for demonstration of the apices of the lungs without bony superimposition | AP axial, lordotic position
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| 85. which projection benefits from the use of the "breathing technique" | oblique sternum
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| 86. what does the acronym KUB represent? | kidney
ureter
bladder
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| 87. what are the proper patient instructions for the AP projection of the abdomen with the patient in supine position | stop breathing after expiration
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| 88. an AP upright projection of the abdomen is useful for the visualization of | air-fluid levels in the intestines
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| 89. where should the CR enter the patient on the upright AP projection of the abdomen | midsagittal plane approximately 2-3" above the iliac crest
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| 90. if a ptient is unable to stand for an upright projection of the abdomen, which of the following positions may be substituted | left lateral decubitus
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| 91. the essential factor for demonstration of air-fluid levels in radiography is | horizontal x-ray beam
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| 92. what is the name of an inflammatory, occupational lung disease caused by inhaling irritating dust | pneumoconiosis
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| 93. what abdominal features are seen on a "plain film" | outer contours of the kidney
psoas muscles
liver shadow
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| 94. what term is applied to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity? | ascites
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| 95. the prescence of air in the pleural cavity is called | pneumothorax (new-mo-thor-ax)
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| 96. the collapse of a lung is known as | atelectasis (at-a lect-ta-sis)
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