Plant Reproduction Biology Chapter 23
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| What is reproduction without the joining of an egg and sperm called? | asexual reproduction
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| What are the horizontal stems of strawberry plants called? | stolons
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| type of reproduction in which new plants are grown from existing plants is called what? | vegetative reproduction
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| What is the technique called when plants are grown from a few cells of plant tissue? | tissue culture
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| What is the first cell of the sporophyte stage called? | zygote
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| In mosses, which structure produces the egg? | archegonium
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| Which structure produces the sperm in mosses? | antheridia
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| The movement of sperm in response to chemicals produced by archegonia is called what? | chemotaxis
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| A small threadlike structure that can develop into a gametophyte plant is called what? | protonema
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| What are the spore producing structures on ferns called? | sori
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| What is the tiny heart shaped gametophyte of a fern called? | prothallus
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| A spore produced by the female, developing into a female gametophyte is called what? | megaspore
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| A spore produced by the male, developing into a male gametophyte is called what? | microspore
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| When 4 megaspores are produced, how many survive and develop into female gametophytes? | 1
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| How many cells does a pollen grain consist of? | 4
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| How long does it take the pollen grain to develop and grow into the ovule? | 1 year
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| How many sperm does each pollen grain produce? | 2
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| What does the outer layer of the ovule form as the embryo develops? | seed coat
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| Flowers that have all 4 organs. | complete
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| Flowers that are missing one organ. | incomplete
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| Flowers that have both stamens and pistils. | perfect
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| Flowers that have just a stamen or pistil. | imperfect
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| What kind of flower has petals that are in multiples of 3? | monocot
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| What kind of flower has petals that are in multiples of 4 or 5? | dicot
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| What kind of photoperiodism is it when the # of dark hrs. > critical period? | short day
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| What kind of photoperiodism is it when the # of dark hrs. < critical period | long day
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| What kind of photoperiodism is it when the # of dark hrs. in between (just right)? | intermediate day
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| What kind of photoperiodism is it when the # of dark hrs. does not matter | day neutral
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| The tissue that nourishes the embryo. | endosperm
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| The outside layers of the ovule eventually form what structure? | seed coat
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| Fruits form from what structure? | ovary
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| When an embryo starts to grow, it is called this. | germination
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| The first part of the embryo to appear outside the seed. | radicle
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| The first part of the embryo to appear above the soil. | hypocotyls
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| What type of fruits are apples, peaches, grapes, & pumpkins? | simple fleshy
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| What type of fruits are strawberries, blackberries, raspberries? | aggregate
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| What type of fruits are figs, pineapple, mulberries? | multiple
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| What type of fruits are nuts, pods & grains? | dry
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| Underground stem that supports fronds. | rhizome
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| First cell of sporophyte generation. | zygote
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| Structures that produce sperm. | antheridia
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| Tiny, heart shaped gametophyte structure. | prothallus
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| Structures that produce spores. | sori
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| Plant that produces both male & female spores. | heterosporous
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| Cells in the sporangia of pollen (male) form these. | microspores
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| Cells in the ovule form these. | megaspores
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| Opening in an ovule. | micropyle
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| Two nuclei in the center of a cell. | polar nuclei
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| Process in which one sperm fertilizes the egg & second sperm joins with polar nuclei. | double fertilization
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| Food storing tissue that supports and helps nourish the embryo inside the seed. | endosperm
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| Period of inactivity that can occur in seeds. | dormancy
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| When an embryo starts to grow into a new plant. | germination
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| Type of cell formed when one sperm joins with the 2 polar nuclei. | triploid
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| This fruit is dry when mature. | dry
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| This fruit contains one or more seeds. | simple fleshy
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| This fruit forms from many flowers that fuse as the fruits ripen. | multiple
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| This fruit forms from flowers with multiple female organs that fuse as fruits ripen. | aggregate
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| Male reproductive organ in plants. | stamen
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| Female reproductive organ in plants. | pistil
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| Tip of male reproductive organ in plants. | anther
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| Stalk of male reproductive organ in plants. | filament
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| Tip of female reproductive organ in plants. | stigma
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| Middle part of female reproductive organ in plants. | style
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| Round, bottom part of female reproductive organ. | ovary
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