Biology Honors
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on it to display the answer.
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| What is evolution? | the process that changes over time by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms.
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| What is a scientific theory? | Well supported, testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world.
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| Who was Charles Darwin? | English naturalist who made a hypothesis about how life changes over time.
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| What is Darwin's hypothesis now called? | Theory of Evolution
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| What ship did Darwin travel on? | HMS Beagle
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| Where did Darwin travel to? | Galapagos Islands
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| What are fossils? | preserved remains of ancient organisms that provide evidence for how life has changed over time.
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| What did James Hutton propose? | that the Earth is shaped by geological forces over extremely long periods of time, and that the Earth is very old.
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| What did Thomas Malthus predict? | that the human population would grow faster than resources needed to sustain it.
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| What did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck propose? | that the selective use or disuse of an organ led to change the organ that was then passed on to the offspring.
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| What did Charles Lyell explain? | that the geological processes seen happening on Earth now have shaped Earth's geological features over long periods of time.
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| What did Alfred Wallace do? | published his own theory of evolution by natural selection about the same time as Charles Darwin.
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| What does struggle for existence mean? | the members of each species compete regularly for food and other necessary resources.
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| What is fitness? | the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment.
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| What is an adaptation? | any inherited characteristics that increase an organism's chance of survival.
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| What is natural selection? | the process whereby individuals are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully.
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| What did Darwin nickname natural selection? | survival of the fittest
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| What was the idea that all species,living and extinct, were derived from common ancestors linked by a "tree of life"? | common descent
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| What are structures that have different mature forms but develop from the same embryonic tissues? | Homologous structures
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| What are homologous structures that are so reduced in size that they no longer function? | vestigial organs
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| What are some examples of vestigial organs? | human appendix or legs legs in skinks
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| Choosing to breed cows that produce the most milk or the fastest horses is called what? | artificial selection
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| The idea that each living species has descended with changes over time from other species is called what? | descent with modification
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| Charles Darwin's observations of finches and turtles on the Galapagos Islands led to what? | his Theory of Evolution
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| A giraffe that stretches its neck longer by reaching for food and then passes this long-necked trait on to offspring. This is an example of what? | inheritance of acquired traits
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| Dolphins, penguins, and sharks are distantly-related species that share similar characteristics which help them live in water. This is an example of what? | Convergent evolution
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| Even though the Galapagos finches share a common ancestor, they have evolved to fit the ecosystems of their individual islands. this an example of what? | Divergent evolution
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| another name for divergent evolution is? | adaptive radiation
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| What naturalist studies fossils? | Charles Darwin
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| On the Galapagos Islands, Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants what? | varied from island to island
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| What statement best describes how Lamarck would explain giraffes with long necks? | Some giraffes have acquired longer necks by stretching to reach food and passed that trait on.
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| What idea, proposed by Lamarck, was later found to be incorrect? | acquired characteristics can be inherited
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| Proposed that Earth was shaped by geological forces that took place over millions of years. | James Hutton
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| Proposed that organisms acquired or lost traits during their lifetime by selective use or disuse of organs. | Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
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| Predicted that the human population will grow faster than the space and food needed to sustain it. | Thomas Malthus
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| Stressed that scientists can explain past events in terms of processes occurring they can observe happening now | Charles Lyell
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| Proposed a hypothesis to explain how living things change over time. | Charles Darwin
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| How did Hutton's and Lyell's ideas about the formation of the Earth influence Darwin's ideas about evolution? | They helped him realize that the Earth is millions of years old.
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| What do the differently shaped beaks of the birds on the Galapagos islands tell you about the eating habits of the birds on different islands? | Each bird has different eating habits and each of the birds' prey are different sizes.
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| Structures that have mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic structure are called? | homologous structures
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| Because of its similarities to artificial selection, Darwin referred to the "survival of the fittest" as what? | natural selection
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| The idea that each living species has descended with changes from other species over time is called what? | descent with modification
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| The natural differences between individuals of a species are referred to as what? | natural variation
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| A human appendix, whale hipbones, and a skink's legs are examples of what? | vestigial organs
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| What would best explain Darwin's explanation for giraffes with long necks? | natural variation in the population produces some longer and some shorter necked giraffes and longer necked giraffes can reach food more easily and survive to pass on their gene.
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| Competition for food, space, and other resources among members of a species is called what? | struggle for existence
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| What are the four kinds of evidence that support Darwin's theory of evolution? | homologous structures, fossils, embryonic mates, and geographic distribution.
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