Microbiology 2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| prokaryotes include | bacteria and archaea
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria examples include | cyanobacteria, heterotrophic bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| archaea exammples include | halophiles and thermophiles
🗑
|
||||
| pathogens include | bacteria and eukaryota
🗑
|
||||
| ukaryotes include | basal protists, flagellates, fungi, rhodophytes, alveolates,chromists, plants and animals
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotes have a...with... | primitive nucleus...no nuclear membrane
🗑
|
||||
| archaea (which is a..) is similar to...and lives in...such as... | domain...bacteria...harsh environments...hot springs, salt lakes, soils and marshlands
🗑
|
||||
| archaea are particularly numerous in the | oceans
🗑
|
||||
| there are no known | pathogens in archaea
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria (which is a...) do include... | domain...pathogens
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotes (which is a...) have a...with... | domain...true nucleus...nuclear membrane
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotes are things like...which can include... | humans, spiders, flies, plants, molds, yeasts and parasites...pathogens
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria and archaea evolved...and are... | 3-4 billion years ago...unicellular
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryote: protista evolved...and are... | 1.5 bil years ago...unicellular
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryote: fungi evolved...and are... | 1 bil years ago...multi or unicellular
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryote: animalia evolved...and are... | 700 mil years ago...multicellular
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryote: plantae evolved...and are... | 500 mil years ago...multicellular
🗑
|
||||
| ribosomes do...and are they present or not in pro/eu? | protein synthesis...present in both
🗑
|
||||
| cytoskeleton creates the...and provides... | shape in prokaryotes...support, cytoplasmic streaming and endocytosis in eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| cytoskeleton is present in some...and in all... | prokaryotes...eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| centrioles appear to play a role in...and...and... | mitosis...cytokinesis...flagella and cilia formation in animal cells
🗑
|
||||
| centrioles are...in prokaryotes and... | absent in all....present in animal eukaryots
🗑
|
||||
| membranous organelles are | absent in all prokaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| nucleus is the...of the cell and is...in eukaryotes | control center...present in all
🗑
|
||||
| ER does...and is...in eukaryotes | transportation and lipid synthesis...present in all
🗑
|
||||
| golgi bodies do...and are... eukaryotes | exocytosis and secretion...present in some
🗑
|
||||
| lysosomes do two things...and are...eukaryotes | breakdown of nutrients, self-destruction of damaged or aged cells...present in some
🗑
|
||||
| peroxisomes do...and are...eukaryotes | neutralization of toxins...present in some
🗑
|
||||
| vacuoles do...and are...eukaryotes | storage...present in some
🗑
|
||||
| vesicles do...and are... | transport, digestion and storage...present in all eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| mitochondria do..and are... | aerobic ATP production...present in most eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| chloroplasts do...and are present in... | photosynthesis...eukaryotic plants, algae and some protozoa
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotes have only | one copy of DNA (haploid)
🗑
|
||||
| the most important organelle for differentiating between eukaryote and prokaryotes is the | nucleus
🗑
|
||||
| all eukaryotes have a nucleus except for | rbcs
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotes have organelles for...but prokaryotes... | specific functions...have no organelles
🗑
|
||||
| components of eukaryotic cells whicch would not be considered organelles include | microtubules/filaments and chromosomes
🗑
|
||||
| microtubules and microfilaments make up the...and perform | cytoskeleton structure...movement by forming pseudopoda
🗑
|
||||
| chromosomes are...and do... | organized...packaging of DNA involving histone proteins
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic cells range from...and eukaryotic cells range from... | .2-2micrometers...10-100
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic flagella consist of | two protein building blocks
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic flagella are...and consist of.. | complex...multiple microtubules
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic glycocalyx are...and... | present...are a capsule or slime layer
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic glycocalx is..that lack... | present in some cells...a cell wall
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic plasma membrane contains no..and generally lacks... | carbohydrates...sterols
🗑
|
||||
| the plasma membrane of a eukaryotic cell has...present | sterols and carbohydrates that serve as receptors
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic cytoplasm has | no cytoskeleton or cytoplasmic steraming
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic cytoplasm has | cytoskeleton and cytoplasmic streaming
🗑
|
||||
| ribosomes of prokaryotic cells are | smaller in size (70s) compared to eukaryotic (80s)
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotes go through...for cell division | binary fission
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic cells go through...for cell division | mitosis
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotes have | single circular chromosome that lacks histones
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotes have | multip[le linear chromosomes, with histone arrangement
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotes and sexual reproduction | no meiosis, transfer of DNA fragments only
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotes and sexual reproduction | involves meiosis
🗑
|
||||
| cilia are only in...and the motion is in... | eukaryotes...one plane(beating
🗑
|
||||
| flagella are in...but they have... | both pro and eu...different structures
🗑
|
||||
| flagella motion is...or... | rotational in pro...undulation in eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| flagella are used for...and direction is determined by... | locomotion...phototaxis or chemotaxis
🗑
|
||||
| phototaxis means | moving toward light
🗑
|
||||
| chemotaxis means | moving toward chemical attractant
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic flagella are | internal, entirely surrounded by cytoplasmic membrane
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic flagella are only found on...and their action is.. | one pole of cell...rhythmic undulation which pushes or pulls the cell
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic flagella are...and several... | imbedded in cell envelope...configurations existt
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic flagella action is | rotational, cells move by "run and tumble"
🗑
|
||||
| a run is when...and tumble is when.. | flagella propel prokaryote in a CCW direction..it spins in a CW direction
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic flagella have 4 configurations | monotrichous, lophotrichous (polar), amphitrichous (bipolar) and peritrichous
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic and prokaryotic flagella function... | differently in their mechanism of propulsion
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic flagella | whip back and forth (undulate)
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic flagella...and involves the process of... | rotate...chemotaxis
🗑
|
||||
| flagellin contaqin many copies of | a single protein that make up the filament
🗑
|
||||
| flagellin also contain a...that is a.. | basal body...protein
🗑
|
||||
| the prokaryotic flagellin penetrates through the...where it is anchored by the... | cell wall and plasma membrane...basal boedy
🗑
|
||||
| just outside the cell is the...and then the... | hook...filament (made of protein that is specific to that type of cell so you can stereotype them)
🗑
|
||||
| bacterial spirochetes have | axial fibrils in a sheath called axial filaments
🗑
|
||||
| bacterial spirochetes are | helical/spiral-shaped bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| bacterial spirochetes move by...which allows it to... | corkscrewing..burrow into cells
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic flagella and cilia do not...and their action is ina... | pierce the cell membrane...beating fashion (not rotary as in prokaryotes)
🗑
|
||||
| cilia are...present only on... | short hair like structures...eukaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| cilia extend from | cell and provide locomotion
🗑
|
||||
| functions of cilia include | locomotion in unicellular organisms and prevention of lung damage in resp tract by pushing out microbes/debris
🗑
|
||||
| motile wbcs move by use of... | pseudopoda
🗑
|
||||
| wbcs are motile but they..by means of the... | crawl...microfilaments and microtubules forming the pseudopods
🗑
|
||||
| pseudopods help perform | phagocytosis
🗑
|
||||
| the ribosomes are a | key difference between pro and eukaryotes (think size)
🗑
|
||||
| 70s vs 80s: s is the | sedimentation factor (70 for pro, 80 for euk)
🗑
|
||||
| ribosomal RNA and many proteins differ in | structure and between eukaryotes and prokaryotes
🗑
|
||||
| differing ribosomal RNA is very imp when it comes to | treatment of bacterial diseases by targeting something that is different from oour cells
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic cell wall is...and... | usually present...chemically complex (typical bacterial cell wall includes peptidoglycan)
🗑
|
||||
| eukaryotic cell wall, when present is... | chemically simple
🗑
|
||||
| cytosol and inclusions are present in | all pro and euk
🗑
|
||||
| endospores are present in...and... | some pros and absent in all euks
🗑
|
||||
| bacterial morphology/shapes include | bacillus (oval), coccus (round), and spirillum (spiral)
🗑
|
||||
| bacillus example | bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
🗑
|
||||
| coccus example | staphylococcus aureus or MRSA infection
🗑
|
||||
| spirochete example | treponema pallidum or syphillis
🗑
|
||||
| aggregations of cocci can either be | streptococci (chain), diplococci (pair) or staphylococci (clump)
🗑
|
||||
| streptococci example | streptococcus pyrogenes
🗑
|
||||
| diplococci (stop at one cell division) example | neisseria gonorrhea
🗑
|
||||
| staphylococci example | staphylococcus aureus
🗑
|
||||
| cytosol is also called...and is... | cytoplasmic matrix...liquid found inside cells which is complex mixture of substances dissolved in water
🗑
|
||||
| in prokayrotes, most...take place in the cytosol | chemical reactions of metabolism
🗑
|
||||
| cell membrane/cytoplasmic membrane/plasma membrane: like all biological membranes, the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is composed of | phospholipid and protein molecules
🗑
|
||||
| the phospholipid has a...and a... | hydrophobic part...hydrophilic part
🗑
|
||||
| prokaryotic membranes | lack sterols
🗑
|
||||
| bacterial cytoplasmic membrane does | diffusion, active transport, energy production and motility
🗑
|
||||
| diffusion can either be | passive or facilitated diffsuion through a channel protein
🗑
|
||||
| energy production involves the | electron transport system for bacteria with aerobic and anaerobic respiration (mitochondria)
🗑
|
||||
| bacterial cytoplasmic membrane does motility and involves | the bases of bacterial flagella residing within cell membrane
🗑
|
||||
| diffusion happens through the | phospholipid bilayer
🗑
|
||||
| facilitated diffusion happens through a | nonspecific channel protein
🗑
|
||||
| facilitated diffusion through a...leads to...which leads to... | permease specific for one chemical...binding of substrate...shape change in channel protein
🗑
|
||||
| osmosis is the...through a.. | diffusion of water...specific channel protein or through the phospholipid bilayer
🗑
|
||||
| example of active transport would be | generation of ap roton gradient across membrane for energy production
🗑
|
||||
| active transport uses...and the same principle can be used to pump... | atp...antibiotic drugs out in some mechanisms of drug resistance
🗑
|
||||
| 2 major categories based on gram stain | gram positive or negative depending on structure of cell wall
🗑
|
||||
| pili are also called...and they do not do... | fimbriae...movement
🗑
|
||||
| pili are | hair like structures protruding from the cell envelope
🗑
|
||||
| type 1 fimbriae aare...and are used to...which is a... | fuzzy..attach to target tissues...virulence factor
🗑
|
||||
| virulence factors allow | organism to colonize and become pathogenic
🗑
|
||||
| type 2 fimbriae are also called...and are present in... | sex pilus...only gram negative bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| type 2 fimbriae are used for | genetic exchange
🗑
|
||||
| type 2 fimbriae inject | plasmin w/ extra dna to new bacterium
🗑
|
||||
| a capsule is a | discrete mucoid layer of polysaccharides deposited outside the cell wall of bacteria
🗑
|
||||
| sometimes bacterial cells are embedded more...in a...called a.. | randomly...polysaccharide matrix...slime layer or biofilm
🗑
|
||||
| capsules have several functions including | mediating adherence of cells to surfaces (biofilm - dental plaque)and they protect bacterial cells from engulfment by white blood cells (phagocytosis)
🗑
|
||||
| many pathogenic bacteria are | encapsulated in the slime layer which is a virulence factor
🗑
|
||||
| an example of biofilm construction in nature is the formation of...mediated by the... | dental plaque...oral bacterium streptococcus mutans
🗑
|
||||
| bacteria adhere specifically to the... | pellicle of the tooth by means of a protein on the cell surface
🗑
|
||||
| the bacteria are able to...into.. | cleave sucrose (provided by diet)...glucose plus fructose
🗑
|
||||
| fructose is...as an... | fermented...energy source for bacterial growth
🗑
|
||||
| glucose is...into an...that binds the... | polymerized..extracellular dextran polymer...bacteria to the enamel and forms a biofilm some 300-500 cells in thickness
🗑
|
||||
| biofilm cements the | bacteria to the tooth enamel and becomes the matrix of dental plaque
🗑
|
||||
| the dextran slime can be...for use as a... | depolymerized to glucose...carbon source
🗑
|
||||
| depolymeriing dextran slime results in production of..within the biofilm that... | lactic acid...decalcifies the enamel and leads to dental caries or bacterial infection of the tooth
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
handrzej
Popular Biology sets