studying for my Genetics final
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What's an enzymes role? | Control the rate or reactions in a cell by lowering activation energy of a reaction
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| Enzyme is what kind of molecule? | Catalyst
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| How can enzymes be rendered useless? | Competitive and Non Competitive inhibition
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| Protien Folding Errors | Misfolding
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| Ubiquitin- Deffinition | Tags misfolded protiens
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| Transcription | Manufacturing RNA from DNA
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| Translation | Assembly of an amino acid chain according to sequence of base triplets in a molecule of mRNA
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| Neural Tube | A structure in the embryo that develops into the brain and spinal cord.
Does not completely develop until day 20.
If it doesn't zip all the way, a Neural Tube defect occurs.
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| Teratogens | A substance that causes a birth defect.
Ex: Thalidomide, Cigarettes, Alcohol
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| Thalidomide | Alleviate nausea during early pregnancy, a critical period for limb development.
BAD
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| Birth Defects | Genetic abnormalities or toxic exposures can affect development in an embryo or fetus.
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| Critical Periods (birth defects) | The time during prenatal development when a structure is sensitive to damage from a mutation or an environmental intervention.
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| DNA Structure | G and A are purines
C and T are Pyrimidines
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| Epigenetics | A layer of information placed on a gene that is a modification other than a change in DNA sequence, such as methylation.
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| Penetrance | Percent of individuals with a genotype whohave associated phenotype.
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| Histones | A type of protein in which a DNA entwines.
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| Stem Cells/ Stem Cell Research | Cells that give rise to other stem cells,as well as to cells that differentiate.
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| Polygenics | Traits determined by more than one gene.
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| Oogenesis | Oocyte development.
-the female gamete (sex cell)
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| Spermatogenesis | Sperm cell differentiation.
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| Promoter Sequence | A control sequence near the start of a gene.
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| Blastocyst implantation and hCG pregnancy | Blastocyst- a hollow clump of cells descended from a fertilized ovum.
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| Crossing Over | An event during prophase 1 when homologs exchange parts.
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| Independent assortment | The random arrangement of homologous chromosome pairs, in terms of maternal of paternal origin, down the center of a cell in mataphase 1. Inheritance of a gene on one chromosome does not influence inheritance of a gene on a different chromosome.
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| Cancer | A group of disorders resulting from loss of cell cycle control.
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| Consanguinuty | Blood relatives having children together. (incest)
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| Mutations | A change in a protein-encoding gene that affects the phenotype and occurs in less than one percent of a population.
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| Mitochondrial DNA | A single cell can yield hundreds or thousands of copies of the mitochondrial genome.
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| Mutations- misconceptions | -All bad-- freaks of nature -TMNT, AVATAR, X-Men, Spiderman -Extra or missing limbs -Major things
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| Mutations- reality | -Any change in DNA -Most are silent- not in DNA read by the cell OR DNA change does not change protien -Those that change the protien= almost all harmful changes -Very few are benificial or have neutral effects (you will NOT get superpowers)
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| Deletion | A missing sequence of DNA or part of chromosome.
THE ONE BIG ___ HAD ONE RED EYE
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| Frameshift | A mutation that alters a gene's reading frame.
THE ONE QBI GFL YHA DON ERE DEY
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| Expanding Repeats | A disease or mutations that worsens with each
generation because the gene expands.
THE ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE RED EYE
THE ONE BIG FLY FLY HAD ONE BIG EYE..
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| Insertion | A mutation that adds DNA bases.
THE ONE BIG WET FLY HAD ONE BIG RED EYE.
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| Missense | A single base change mutatioin that alters an
amino acid.
THQ ONE BIG FLY HAD ONE BIG RED EYE.
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| Nonsense | Apoint mutation that changes an amino acid
coding codon into a stop codon, prematurely terminating synthesis of the encoded protien.
THE ONE BIG ___ ___ ___ ___
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| Splice Site | Alters a site where introns are normally removed from the mRNA, ends prematurly.
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| Tanded Duplication | A Duplication DNA sequence next to line original sequence.
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| Duplication | An extra sequence of DNA or part of a chromosome.
THE ONE BIG FLY FLY HAD ONE RED EYE.
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| Paracentric Inversion | Does NOT include the centromore.
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| Pericentric Inversion | DOES include the centromere within the loop.
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| Translocation | Different (nonhomologous) chromosomes exchange or combine parts.
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