Chapter 10 and 13
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| the branch of psychology that studies how we think and behave in social situations | social psychology
🗑
|
||||
| the area of social psychology that deals with the ways in which we think about other people and ourselves | social cognition
🗑
|
||||
| an evaluative belief that we hold about something | attitude
🗑
|
||||
| the idea that we strive to have attitudes and behaviors that do not contradict one another | cognitive consistency
🗑
|
||||
| a theory that predicts that we will be motivated to change our attitudes and/or our behaviors to the extent that they cause us to feel dissonance, an uncomfortable physical state | dissonance theory
🗑
|
||||
| a type of social influence in which someone tries ti change our attitudes | persuasion
🗑
|
||||
| a style of thinking in which the person carefully and critically evaluates persuasive arguments and generates counterarguments; the central route requires motivation and available cognitive resources | central route to persuasion
🗑
|
||||
| a style of thinking in which the person does not carefully and critically evaluate persuasuve arguments or generate counterarguments; the pherical route ensues when one lacks motivation and/or available cognitive resources | peripheral route to persuasion
🗑
|
||||
| the way that we understand and make judgments about others | impression formation
🗑
|
||||
| the act of assigning cause to behavior | attribution
🗑
|
||||
| an attribution that assigns the cause of a behavior to the traits and characteristics of the person being judged | trait attribution
🗑
|
||||
| an attribution that assigns the cause of a behavior to some characteristics of the situation or environment in which the behavior occurs | situational attribution
🗑
|
||||
| our tendency to overuse trait information when making attributions about others | fundamental attribution error
🗑
|
||||
| a culture, like many Western cultures, in which individual accomplishments are valued over group accomplishments | individualistic culture
🗑
|
||||
| a culture, like many Asian cultures, in which group accomplishments are valued over individual accomplishments | collectivistic culture
🗑
|
||||
| our tendency to make the fundamental attribution error when judging others, while being less likely to do so when making attributions about ourselves | actor/observer bias
🗑
|
||||
| our tendency to make attribution that preserve our own self-esteem - for example, making trait attributions for our success and situational attributions for our failures | self-serving bias
🗑
|
||||
| a schema for a particular group of people | stereotype
🗑
|
||||
| a largely negative stereotype that is unfairly applied to all members of a group regardless of their individual characteristics | prejudice
🗑
|
||||
| the behavioral expression of a prejudice | discrimination
🗑
|
||||
| a proposed form of subtle racism in which European Americans feel aversive emotions around African Americans, which may lead them to dicriminate against African American | aversive racism
🗑
|
||||
| a phenomenon in which fears of being discriminated against elicit stereotype-confirming behaviors | stereotype threat
🗑
|
||||
| our tendency to favor people who belong to the same groups that we do | in-group bias
🗑
|
||||
| a group that is distinct from one's own and so usually an object of more hostility or dislike than one's in-group | out-group
🗑
|
||||
| our tendency to see out-group members as being pretty much all alike | out-group homogeneity
🗑
|
||||
| the theory that prejudice stems from competition for scarce resources | realistic-conflict theory
🗑
|
||||
| an out-group that is blamed for many of society's problems | scapegoat
🗑
|
||||
| the theory that contact between groups is an effective means of reducing prejudice between them | contact hypothesis
🗑
|
||||
| a goal that is shared by different groups | superordiante goal
🗑
|
||||
| physical closeness | proximity
🗑
|
||||
| the theory that we are attracted to people whose level of physical attractiveness is similar to our own | matching hypothesis
🗑
|
||||
| unwritten rule or expectation for how group members should behave | norm
🗑
|
||||
| the degree to which members of a group value their group membership; cohesive groups are tight-knit groups | cohesiveness
🗑
|
||||
| behaving in accordance with group norms | conformity
🗑
|
||||
| conformity that occurs when group members change their behavior to meet group norms but are not persuaded to change their beliefs and attitudes | normative conformity
🗑
|
||||
| conformity that occurs when conformity pressures actually persuade group members to adopt new beliefs and/or attitudes | informational conformity
🗑
|
||||
| a state in which a person's behavior becomes controlled more by external norms than by the person's own internal values and morals | deindividuation
🗑
|
||||
| performing better on a task in the presence of others than you would if you were alone | social facilitation
🗑
|
||||
| when group members exert less effort on a group task than they would if they were performing the task alone | social loafing
🗑
|
||||
| a situation in which a group fixates on one decision and members blindly assume that it is the correct decision | groupthink
🗑
|
||||
| yielding to a demand | obedience
🗑
|
||||
| yielding to simple request | compliance
🗑
|
||||
| increasing compliance by first asking people to give in to a small request, which then paves the way for compliance with a second, larger request | foot-in-the door compliance
🗑
|
||||
| increasing compliance by first asking people to give in to a very large request and then, after they refuse, asking them to give in to a smaller request | door-in-the-face compliance
🗑
|
||||
| a strong norm that states we should treat others as they treat us | reciprocity
🗑
|
||||
| increasing compliance by first getting the person to agree to a deal and then changing the terms of the deal to be more favorable to yourself | low-balling
🗑
|
||||
| increasing compliance by sweetening the deal with additional incentives | that's-not-all
🗑
|
||||
| obedience to immoral, unethical demands that cause harm to others | destructive obedience
🗑
|
||||
| aggression that is used to facilitate the attainment of a goal | instrumental aggression
🗑
|
||||
| aggression that is meant to cause harm to others | hostile aggression
🗑
|
||||
| the idea that frustration causes aggressive behavior | frustration-aggression hypothesis
🗑
|
||||
| behavior that helps others | prosocial behavior
🗑
|
||||
| helping another without being motivated by self-gain | altruism
🗑
|
||||
| another term for altruism | helping behavior
🗑
|
||||
| the idea that the more witnesses there are to an emergency, the less likely any one of them is to offer help | bystander effect
🗑
|
||||
| the idea that responsibility for taking responsibility for taking action is diffused across all the people witnessing an event | diffusion of responsibility
🗑
|
||||
| the idea that we use the behavior of others to help us determine whether a situation is an emergency requiring our help; if no one else is helping, we may conclude that help isnt needed | pluralistic ignorance
🗑
|
||||
| perspective that views psychological disorders as similar to physical diseases; they result from biological disurbances and can be diagnosed, treated, and cured like physical illness | medical model
🗑
|
||||
| a book published by the American Psychiatric Association that lists the criteria for close to 400 mental health disorders | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders(DSM)
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder marked by excessive aprehension that seriously interferes with a person's ability to function | anxiety disorder
🗑
|
||||
| an anxiety disorder characterized by chronic, constant worry in almost all situations | generalized anxiety disorder
🗑
|
||||
| an anxiety disorder characterized by fear and anxiety in the absence of danger that is accompanied by strong physical symptoms | panic disorder
🗑
|
||||
| an excessive fear of being in places from which escape might be difficult or where help might not be available of one were to experience panic | agoraphobia
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder marked by a loss of awareness of some part of one's self or one's surrounding that seriously interferes with the person's ability to function | dissociative disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder marked episodes of amnesia in which a person is unable to recall some or all of his or her past and is confused about his or her identity; a new identity may be formed in which the person suddenly and unexpectedly travels away from home | dissociative fugue disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder in which two or more personalities coexist within the same individual; formerly called multiple personality disorder | dissociative identity disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder marked by physical compliants that have no apparent physical cause | somatoform disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a somatoform disorder in which the person persistently worries over having a disease, without any evident physical basis | hypochondriasis
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder marked by a significant change in one's emotional state that seriously interferes with one's ability to function | mood disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a mood disorder involving dysphoria, feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in one's usual activities, and changes in bodily activities such as sleep and appetite that persists for at least 2 weeks | major depression
🗑
|
||||
| an extreme state of sadness | dysphoria
🗑
|
||||
| absence of pleasure from one's usual activities | anhedonia
🗑
|
||||
| a mood disorder that is a less severe but more chronic form of major depression | dysthymic
🗑
|
||||
| a mood disorder characterized by both depression and mania | bipolar disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a period of abnormally excessive energy and elation | mania
🗑
|
||||
| a mood disorder that is a less severe but more chronic form of bipolar disorder | cyclothymic diorder
🗑
|
||||
| the belief that one cannot control the outcome of events | learned helplessness
🗑
|
||||
| the tendency to persistently focus on how one feels without attempting to do anything about one's feelings | ruminative coping style
🗑
|
||||
| thought that tends to be pessimistic and negative | cognitive distortion
🗑
|
||||
| a severe disorder characterized by disturbances in thought, perceptions, emotions, and behavior | schizophrenia
🗑
|
||||
| a thought or belief that a person believes to be true but in reality is not | delusion
🗑
|
||||
| percieving something that does not exist in reality | hallucination
🗑
|
||||
| a symptom of schizophrenia that includes inappropriate or unusual behavior such as silliness, catatonic excitement, or catatonic stupor | disordered behavior
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder in motor behavior involving immobility | catatonic stupor
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder in motor behavior involving excited agitation | catatonic excitement
🗑
|
||||
| a lack of emotional expression | blunted affect
🗑
|
||||
| decreased quality and/or quantity of speech | alogia
🗑
|
||||
| the inablility to follow though on one's plans | avolition
🗑
|
||||
| a disorder marked by maladaptive behavior that has been stable over a long period and across many situations | personality disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a personality disorder marked by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others with no remorse or guilt for one's actions | antisocial personality disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability in mood, relationships, self-image, and behavior | borderline personality disorder
🗑
|
||||
| a symptom of schizophrenia in which one's speech lacks association between one's ideas and the event that one is experiencing. | disorganized speech
🗑
|
||||
| an anxiety disorder characterized by an intense fear of a specific object or situation | phobic
🗑
|
||||
| a persistent fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation | specific phobia
🗑
|
||||
| an irrational, persistent fear or being negatively evaluated by others in a social situation. | social phobia
🗑
|
||||
| a recurrent thought or image that intrudes on a person's awareness | obsession
🗑
|
||||
| repetitive behavior that a person feels a strong urge to perform | compulsion
🗑
|
||||
| an anxiety disorder involving a pattern of unwanted intrusive thoughts and the urge to engage in repetitive actions | obsessive-compulsive disorder
🗑
|
||||
| an anxiety disorder, characterized by distressing memories, emotional numbness, and hypervigilance, that develops after exposure to a traumatic event | posttraumatic stress disorder
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
pandabear1
Popular Psychology sets