HTN
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Manifestations of PAD | Claudication
Rest Pain
dependent rubor
thick toenails
skin breakdown
gray-blue skin
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| Medications for PAD | Plavix
Pletal
Trental
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| Non surgical management of PAD | exercise
positioning not above the heart
promote vasodilation (warmth)
no smoking
foot care
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| Diagnostic test for PAD | Arterography (inject contrast to check circulations)
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| Treatment of PAD | angioplasty
bypass graft
endarterectomy (removal plaque)
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| What is thromboangitis obliterans? | aka: Burger's disease
inflammation and thrombus formation and vasospasms of small and mid sized arteries.
tobacco smoking often identified
painful ulcers and gangrene may develop as a result of severely impaired blood flow.
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| What is Raynaud's Phenomenon? | caused by vasospasm of the arterioles and arteries
drugs: procardia, cardizem
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| Nursing care for Raynaud's | 1. warm gloves
2. no smoking
3. swing arms back and forth
4. decrease stress
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| What is a thrombus? | a blood clot that adheres to the vessel wall due to a damage cause by atherosclerosis.
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| what is an embolus? | a blood clot or other debris that lodges in a vessel and obstructs blood flow
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| What are the six ways to check for acute peripheral arterial occulsion? | pain
paresthesia
paralysis
pulse
pallor
polkilothermia (coolness)
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| what occurs with arterial embolism? | ischemia
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| what happens if you dont promptly treat arterial embolisms? | emergent condition- permanent vessel and limb damage, tissue necrosis, and gangrene
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| Medications for arterial embolisms | heparin, lovenox, and streptokinase (breaks clot down itself)
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| surgical treatment for arterial embolism | embolectomy (remove embolism)
thromboendarterectomy (remove emobolus or plaque)
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| nursing care for arterial embolism | monitor extremities-compare sides
bed cradle
avoid flexion of the knee
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| what is Virchow's Triad? | stasis of blood (plane ride)
vessel damage (bruise)
increased blood coagulability (birth control)
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| medications for venous thrombosis | coumadin - PT
warfarin
heparin- Ptt&APTT
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| What is normal APTT? | 20-40 sec.
if on heparin, 2x normal bleeding time
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| What is chronic venous insufficiency? | inadequate venous return over a prolonged period of time.
May be caused by dvt, varicose veins, or leg trauma, or may develop without apparent cause.
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| How do you manage a venous stasis ulcer? | Unna boot
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| what are varicose veins? | distended, protruding veins that appear darkened and tortuous
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| what is lymphadenopathy? | enlarged lymph nodes
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| what is lymphangitis? | red streak along inflamed vessels with pain, heat and swelling
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| what is lymphedema? | edema of extremity due to accumulation of lymph resulting from inflammation, obstruction, or removal of lymphatic vessels.
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| what is primary lymphedema? | uncommon, genetic
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| what is secondary lymphedema? | from removal of lymph nodes
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| what are manifestations of lymphedema? | edema of entire extremity
brawny edema: woody texture
usually painless but feels heavy
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