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ch 8 intelligence/mental

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Answer
show A general term referring to the ability or abilities involved in learning & adaptive behavior.  
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Intelligence test   show
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Intelligence tests need:   show
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show A skill that people actually have & for which they need no extra training, occurs RIGHT now.  
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show A potential skill( ability) test to predict further achievements=aptitude test.  
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Who is charles spearman?   show
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show • He noted that people who are bright in one area are bright in other areas too. • G Factor, single factor affects performance on all activities  
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show Disagrees with Spearman. Thurstone argued that intelligence comprises 7 distinct mental abilities: spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, verbal meaning, memory, word fluency, & reasoning.  
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show LL believed these abilities are independent of one another. Thus a person w/exceptional spatial ability might lack word fluency. Someone who is bright at word fluency lacks reasoning. For LL, the 7 mental abilities taken together=general intelligence.  
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Who is Raymond Cattell?   show
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show Includes abilities such as reasoning, verbal, & numerical skills. These abilities are stressed in school, & that CI is affected by experience especially formal education. • General world knowledge, facts, reasoning & verbal skills,  
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What is fluid intelligence?   show
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show • Fluid aptitudes are not “learned” • They’re processes/processing speed • Spatial & visual imagery • Rote memory.  
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show Triarchic Theory of Intelligence.  
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Triarchic Theory of Intelligence more info on it:   show
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show ability to acquire new knowledge & solve problems effectively. Tests assess analytical intelligence, refers to mental processes, such as ability to learn how to do things & to carry tasks effectively. “Book smart”  
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what is creative(Experiential) intelligence? #2 of TTof I   show
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show Ability to select contexts in which I can excel, to shape the environment to fit my strengths & to solve practical problems. Ability to “know strengths/weaknesses”  
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more info on Contextual intelligence   show
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show • & knowing when to change situations that better fit their talents. • Sternberg points out that while PI isn’t taught in school, it’s sometimes more important than analytical intelligence bc it enables people to get along successfully in the world.  
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What did howard gardner create?   show
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more info on Howard Gardner   show
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What is kinesthetic intelligence?By howard gardner   show
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show People who are extraordinarily talented at understanding & communicating w/others such as teachers & parents. Relate to others  
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show : Reflects ancient adage “know thyself” people who understand themselves & who use this knowledge effectively to attain their goals  
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What is naturalistic intelligence? by howard gardner   show
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show Read a map/packing luggage into a car  
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show • Gardner’s approach is influential bc he emphasizes the unique abilities that each person possesses.  
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show • He notes that the different forms of intelligence often have different values placed on them by different cultures. Ex: Native American culture places a much higher value on naturalistic intelligence than American Culture.  
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show • Bc we have unique patterns of strengths & weaknesses in separate abilities, he thinks that education should be designed to suit the profile of abilities demonstrated by each child.  
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What did Daniel Goleman create?/info   show
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More info on Daniel Goleman   show
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Even more info on Daniel Goleman   show
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What are the 5 traits for Daniel Goleman's Emotional Quotient?   show
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show The first test of intelligence developed for testing children. Created by Alfred Binet, designed for the French public school system  
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More info on Binet-Simon scale:   show
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show • Creation was designed to place children in proper grades • Binet then created the concept of Mental Age  
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What is mental age?   show
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show He created the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale in 1916 at Stanford.  
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show Done at Stanford University by LM Terman/published in 1916. It emphasizes verbal skills, it’s also the most common test given/most popular  
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show • Starts at school age, ends at 18 bc it is meant for school placement for kids • We use the normal bell curve to estimate adult IQ’s • Updated 4x since creation(culturally, bias, gender bias  
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show • Measures 4 kinds of mental abilities( abstract/visual reasoning, quantitive reasoning, verbal reasoning, STM) • Administered individually  
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Intelligence Quotient, what is it?   show
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show 1. Determining the mental age 2. Dividing the mental age by the person’s chronological age 3. Then multiplying it by 100.  
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show Ex: a 5 year old with a mental age of 6….6/5=120 IQ  
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What is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale-III(WAIS-III)?   show
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show • David wanted a test that consists more in the ability to handle life situations than in solving verbal/abstract problems. • Divided into 2 parts: verbal skills, performance skills  
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What are verbal skills for the WAIS-III test?   show
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What is the performance test related to the WAIS-III?   show
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What is the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III(WISC-III)?   show
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info on all Wechsler tests   show
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more info on all wechsler tests   show
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show Stanford-Binet, the WAIS-III, and the WISC-III examiner takes person to an isolated rm, from 30-90 min giving the test, then they grade it, the test is costly, time consuming, the examiner’s behavior may greatly influence the score  
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What are group tests?   show
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what are adv/disadvanatges of group tests?   show
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show • People who aren’t used to being tested do less well on group tests than individual tests. • Also emotionally disturbed children & children w/learning disabilities do better on individual tests than group tests.  
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show Intelligence tests, that minimize the use of language. Seguin Form Board and Porteus maze are examples of performance tests  
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show devised in 1866 to test people with mental retardation, form of test is a puzzle.  
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show more recent performance test, people have to trace through a maze w/out lifting the pencil from the paper, the test taker must pay close attention to a task for an extended period /& plan ahead in order to make the correct choices to solve the maze.  
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What are the Bayley scales of infant development?   show
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one of the three scales   show
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show • Another test measures sitting, standing, walking, & manual dexterity. • Another test assess emotional, social, & personality development  
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show • Bayley scales can detect early signs of sensory & neurological deficits, emotional difficulties, & home troubles  
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What are culture-fair tests?   show
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info on culture-fair tests   show
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What is Cattell's culture-fair intelligence test?   show
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What is progressive matrices?   show
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show • More intelligence = quicker computation of simple problems w/high IQ typically • More intelligence = more time analyzing a complex problem, but less time solving it.  
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What are biological theories?   show
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What is reliability?   show
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show • To know if a test is reliable is to give the test to a group of people , then after a short time give the same people the same test again • If they get similar test scores, the test is said to have high test-retest reliability  
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show • Reliability coefficients on most tests are around a .90. Performance & Culture-fair tests are less reliable.  
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show Influence the past experience of taking a test, has on taking the same test again. To avoid this, different forms of the test are used.  
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show a method of determining test reliability by dividing the test into two parts & checking the agreement of scores on both parts.  
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show : Statistical measures of the degree of association between two variables( two sets of scores) • If a test is very consistent w/another test from another occasion, the CE is zero  
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show Ability of a test to measure what it has been designed to measure.  
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show A measure of validity, it refers to at least having an adequate sample of questions measuring the skills or knowledge it’s supposed to measure.  
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show • Ex: Stanford-Binet has some CV. But bc it focuses on verbal skills, the test may not adequately sample all aspects of intelligence equally well. • Ex: WAIS-III & WISC-III also have CV  
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show • Intelligence tests don’t measure every type of mental ability, some tests focus on skills that other tests leave out • Each intelligence test emphasizes certain abilities more than others. Thus no intelligence test has a perfect CV.  
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what is criterion-related validity?   show
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show Ex: two rulers, one measures centimeters, the other inches, measurements should correspond with each other because both rulers measure one thing-length  
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show : strongly correlate w/school grades, correlations between grades & intelligence tests typically range between .50 &.75.  
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show don’t predict school grades as well as other intelligence tests do.  
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What is the Flynn Effect?   show
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show establishes a “ceiling” but may not be realized bc of the environment. •nourishment before & after birth •Surroundings-light stimulation, new experiences, etc •Skeels orphan study.  
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show Significantly sub average intelligence combined w/deficiencies in adaptive behavior. •IQ below 70 & lacking skills for independence  
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show • Unknown in most cases • Down Syndrome • PKU-a genetic disorder • Fragile X syndrome  
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show • Moms nutrition during pregnancy • Alcohol & drugs during pregnancy • Head trauma • Impoverished environment • Poor nutrition after birth  
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what are the 4 degrees of intellectual disability?   show
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Mild , and Moderate intellectual disability   show
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Severe and Profound Intellecutal disability   show
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show Refers to superior IQ combined w/demonstrated or potential ability in areas such as academic aptitude, creativity, & leadership. Causes of this are not fully understood.  
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show Lewis Terman 1920’s began the study of giftedness. • He conducted the first major research study in which giftedness was defined in terms of academic talent & measured by an IQ in the top 2% of the population.  
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more info on giftedness   show
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show The ability to produce novel & socially valued ideas or objects. Can range from philosophy to painting, from music to mousetraps as long as they are novel & socially valued.  
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What is Threshold Theory?   show
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show Torrance test of Creative Thinking(TTCT), The Christensen-Guilford Test, the Remote Associates Test(RAT), and the Wallach & Kogan Creative Battery Test.  
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show requires a high IQ for a great performance, people are asked to explain what is happening in a picture, how the scene came about, & what its consequences are likely to be  
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what is the Christensen-Guilford test?   show
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What is the Remote Associates Test..RAT?   show
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show Focuses on having the person from associative elements into new combinations that meet specific requirements. People w/low IQ can score well on this test.  
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show creativity tests don’t show a high degree of criterion-related validity, so measurements derived from them must be interpreted with caution  
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