sCIENCE
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| cell | the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm
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| stimulus | anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism
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| homeostasis | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment
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| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents
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| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself
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| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism
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| producer | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings
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| consumer | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter
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| decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients
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| protein | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to bulid and repair body structures and to regulate processese in the body
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| carbohydrate | a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches and fiber; contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
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| lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are lipids
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| phospholippid | a lipid that comtains phosphorous and that is a structural compenent in cell memebranes
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| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes
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| nucleic acid | a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides
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| nucleotides | molecules that make up nucleic acids
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| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment
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| organelle | one of the smal bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function
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| nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound roganelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growht, metabolism, and reproduction
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| prokaryotes | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus
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| eukaryotes | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a memberane; eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi, but not archaebacteria or eubacteria
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| cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell
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| ribosome | cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis
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| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the prodcution, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids
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| mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two embranes and that is the site of cellular respiration
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| golgi complex | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
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| vesicle | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell
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| lysosomes | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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| nucleus | the organelle that contains the cell's DNA and is the control center of the cell
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| vacuole | the organelle that stores water and other materials
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| chloroplast | the organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food
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| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a common function
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| organ | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform body functions
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| organism | a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently
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| structure | the arrangment of parts in an organism
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| function | the special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part
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| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semi-permiable membrane
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| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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| active transport | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy
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| endocytosis | the processby which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
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| exocytosis | the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing hte particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane
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| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food
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| cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to producce energy from food
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| fermentation | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
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| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell
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| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA
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| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure
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| miosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes
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| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell
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| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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| dominant trait | the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
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| recessive trait | a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
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| gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait
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| allele | one of the alternate forms of a gene that governs a characteristic such as hair color
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| phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic
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| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits
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| probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
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| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells
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| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual
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| pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family
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Created by:
miko380
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