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science~~~
sCIENCE
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | the smallest unit that can perform all life processes; cells are covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| stimulus | anything that causes a reaction or change in an organism or any part of an organism |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment |
| sexual reproduction | reproduction in which the sex cells from two parents unite, producing offspring that share traits from both parents |
| asexual reproduction | reproduction that does not involve the union of sex cells and in which one parent produces offspring identical to itself |
| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| metabolism | the sum of all chemical processes that occur in an organism |
| producer | an organism that can make its own food by using energy from its surroundings |
| consumer | an organism that eats other organisms or organic matter |
| decomposer | an organism that gets energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms or animal wastes and consuming or absorbing the nutrients |
| protein | a molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to bulid and repair body structures and to regulate processese in the body |
| carbohydrate | a class of energy-giving nutrients that includes sugars, starches and fiber; contains carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| lipid | a type of biochemical that does not dissolve in water; fats and steroids are lipids |
| phospholippid | a lipid that comtains phosphorous and that is a structural compenent in cell memebranes |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes |
| nucleic acid | a molecule made up of subunits called nucleotides |
| nucleotides | molecules that make up nucleic acids |
| cell membrane | a phospholipid layer that covers a cell's surface; acts as a barrier between the inside of a cell and the cell's environment |
| organelle | one of the smal bodies in a cell's cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function |
| nucleus | in a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-bound roganelle that contains the cell's DNA and that has a role in processes such as growht, metabolism, and reproduction |
| prokaryotes | an organism that consists of a single cell that does not have a nucleus |
| eukaryotes | an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a memberane; eukaryotes include animals, plants, and fungi, but not archaebacteria or eubacteria |
| cell wall | a rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell |
| ribosome | cell organelle composed of RNA and protein; the site of protein synthesis |
| endoplasmic reticulum | a system of membranes that is found in a cell's cytoplasm and that assists in the prodcution, processing, and transport of proteins and in the production of lipids |
| mitochondrion | in eukaryotic cells, the cell organelle that is surrounded by two embranes and that is the site of cellular respiration |
| golgi complex | cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell |
| vesicle | a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell |
| lysosomes | a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes |
| nucleus | the organelle that contains the cell's DNA and is the control center of the cell |
| vacuole | the organelle that stores water and other materials |
| chloroplast | the organelle that uses the energy of sunlight to make food |
| tissue | a group of similar cells that perform a common function |
| organ | a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to perform body functions |
| organism | a living thing; anything that can carry out life processes independently |
| structure | the arrangment of parts in an organism |
| function | the special, normal, or proper activity of an organ or part |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water through a semi-permiable membrane |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| active transport | the movement of substances across the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| endocytosis | the processby which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell |
| exocytosis | the process in which a cell releases a particle by enclosing hte particle in a vesicle that then moves to the cell surface and fuses with the cell membrane |
| photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food |
| cellular respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to producce energy from food |
| fermentation | the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen |
| cell cycle | the life cycle of a cell |
| chromosome | in a eukaryotic cell, one of the structures in the nucleus that are made up of DNA and protein; in a prokaryotic cell, the main ring of DNA |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure |
| miosis | in eukaryotic cells, a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei, each of which has the same number of chromosomes |
| cytokinesis | the division of the cytoplasm of a cell |
| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| dominant trait | the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred |
| recessive trait | a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred |
| gene | one set of instructions for an inherited trait |
| allele | one of the alternate forms of a gene that governs a characteristic such as hair color |
| phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event |
| meiosis | a process in cell division during which the number of chromosomes decreases to half the original number by two divisions of the nucleus, which results in the production of sex cells |
| sex chromosome | one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
Created by:
miko380
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