ANP1040 Exam 2
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| What limits how large a cell can be? -the relationship b/twn its volume and length -the relationship b/twn its length & surface area -a cell's lifespan -nutrients available in the environment of a cell -the relationship b/twn its volume & surface are | The relationship between it volume & surface area.
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| The fluid outside of a cell is called -extracellular fluid. -cytosol. -cytoplasm. -intracellular fluid. | extracellular fluid
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| ______ are the most abundant molecules in the plasma membrane. Cholesterol molecules -Prostaglandins -Phospholipids -Proteins -Glycolipids | Phospholipids
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| _____ are membrane proteins that bind to signals by which cells communicate. -Receptors -Cell-adhesion molecules -Carriers -Enzymes -Cell-identity markers | Receptors
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| A receptor protein in the plasma membrane will not bind to just any chemical in the extracellular fluid, but only to certain ones. That is to say, the receptor exhibits -efficacy. -selectivity. -fidelity. -saturation. -specificity. | specificity
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| Most amino acids embedded in the membrane are ________, while most amino acids facing the extracellular fluid are ______. -hydrophobic; hydrophobic -hydrophilic; hydrophobic -lipophilic; lipophobic -hydrophilic; hydrophilic -hydrophobic; hydrophilic | hydrophobic; hydrophilic
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| Cells lining the small intestine are specialized for absorption of nutrients. Their plasma membrane has: -dynein arms. -a glycocalyx. -microvilli. -flagella. -cilia. | microvilli
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| 2 sols sep'd by selectively permeable membrane. If A higher concentration of a nonperm. solute than B then -solute will pass down A to B -neither the solute nor H2O will diffuse -water will pass down A to B -H2O will pass down B to A -the solute will | water will pass down its concentration gradient from solution B to A.
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| __ is process in which ___ forces H2O & small solutes such as salts thru narrow clefts b/twn cap cells. -Active transport; hydrostatic pressure -Filtration; hydrostatic pressure -Osmosis; osmotic pressure -Osmosis; hydrostatic pressure -Active trans | Filtration; hydrostatic pressure
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| The sodium-potassium (Na+-K+) pump transports both sodium and potassium ________ their concentration gradients in a process called _____. -up; cotransport -up; active transport -down; active transport -up; facilitated transport -down; countertranspo | up; active transport
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| A red blood cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. The concentration of solutes in the solution is ____ than the concentration of solutes in the ICF & will cause the cell to ____. -lower; burst -lower; shrink -lower; swell -higher; shrink -higher; | higher; shrink
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| Which of the following processes could occur only through the plasma membrane of a living cell? -osmosis -simple diffusion -filtration -facilitated diffusion -active transport | active transport
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| White blood cells engulf bacteria by means of -cotransport. -pinocytosis. -active transport. -receptor-mediated endocytosis. -phagocytosis. | phagocytosis.
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| A patient was severely dehydrated, losing large amount of fluid. Pt was given intravenous fluids of nml saline. Normal saline is ____ to your blood cells and is about ___ NaCl. -hypertonic; 9% -hypotonic; 0.9% -hypotonic; 9% -isotonic; 9% -isotonic; | isotonic; 0.9%
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| Which of these is an ex. of active transport? -diffusion of O2 from a high to lower concentration -facilitated diffusion of K+ -transport of glucose down its gradient -transport of Na+ from a low to high -transport of Cl- follows its gradient | transport of Na+ from a place of low concentration to a place of higher concentration
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| These are all membranous organelles except: -endoplasmic reticulum. -the nucleus. -ribosomes. -mitochondria. -the Golgi complex. | ribosomes
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| What function would immediately cease if the ribosomes of a cell were destroyed? -active transport -ciliary action -osmosis -protein synthesis -exocytosis | protein synthesis
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| Muscle cells contain numerous _____________ to serve their high demand for ATP. -ribosomes -lysosomes -inclusions -mitochondria -Golgi vesicles | mitochondria
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| This organelle synthesizes steroids in the ovary and stores calcium in muscle cells. -rough endoplasmic reticulum -mitochondrion -nucleus -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi complex | smooth endoplasmic reticulum
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| ______ play an important role in cell division, and they are made of __________. -Inclusions; centrosomes -Ribosomes; intermediate filaments -Centrioles; microtubules -Mitochondria; microtubules -Nucleoli; microfilaments | Centrioles; microtubules
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| ________________ synthesize(s) carbohydrates and put(s) finishing touches on proteins synthesized at ____________. -Smooth ER; the Golgi complex -Smooth ER; rough ER -Ribosomes; smooth ER -The Golgi complex; smooth ER -The Golgi complex; rough ER | The Golgi complex; rough ER
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| ___________ is not involved in protein synthesis. -Smooth ER -Ribosomes -The Golgi complex -The nucleus -Rough ER | Smooth ER
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| ____________ gives structural support, determines the shape of a cell, and directs the movement of substances through the cell. -The Golgi complex -The cytoskeleton -Cholesterol -The plasma membrane -The nucleus | The cytoskeleton
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| If a DNA molecule were known to be 22% thymine (T), what would be the percentage of guanine (G)? -78% -28% -22% -11% -8% | 28&
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| ________________________ is the DNA base sequence complementary to the strand TGCCAT. -ACGGTA -ACCGTA -UGCCAU -ACGGUA -TGCCAT | ACGGTA
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| A ________________________ contains the necessary information for the production of a molecule of RNA. -genetic code -nucleotide -gene -genome -codon | gene
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| Copying genetic info from DNA into RNA called __, using info contained in mRNA to make a polypeptide is called __. -DNA translation; RNA transcription -transcription; translation -translation; transcription -DNA repl; translation -DNA dup; transcript | transcription; translation
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| All of the following are directly involved in translation except tRNA. mRNA. rRNA. DNA. ribosomes. | DNA
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| Transcription occurs in the _________________, but most translation occurs in the _____________. -nucleolus; cytoplasm -nucleus; cytoplasm -nucleolus; rough endoplasmic reticulum -nucleus; nucleolus -cytoplasm; nucleus | nucleus; cytoplasm
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| After translation, a protein may undergo structural changes called ________________ modifications. polyribosomal splicing posttranscriptional posttranslational secretory | posttranslational
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| Pathway of a tagged amino acid used to make insulin to be exported out of cell: -RoughER→Golgi complex→Golgi vesicle→EFC -SmoothER→Golgi comp→lysosome→EFC -SER→Golgi comp→Golgi ves→EFC -free ribosome→cytosol→vesicle→EFC -RER→SER→Golgi comp→Golgi ves→ | rough ER → Golgi complex → Golgi vesicle → EFC
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| DNA polymerase is most active in G0. M. G1. G2. S. | S
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| G1, S, and G2 phases are collectively called prophase. anaphase. cytokinesis. telophase. interphase. | interphase
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| The stage at which chromosomes aggregate along the equator of a cell is anaphase. metaphase. prophase. interphase. telophase. | metaphase
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| Sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of a cell during S phase. anaphase. G2 phase. metaphase. prophase. | anaphase
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| Chromatin shortens and thickens, coiling into compact rods during anaphase. telophase. interphase. metaphase. prophase. | prophase
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| The allele for cleft chin (C) is dominant to the allele for uncleft chin (c). A male and female who are both heterozygous for cleft chin have a child. What is the chance that this child will have an uncleft chin? 0 100% 50% 75% 25% | 25%
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| Accurately identify the parts of the plasma membrane | See diagram
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| Correctly identify the following parts of transmembrane proteins. | See diagram
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| Classify the following phases into interphase or the mitotic phase of cell division. -Prophase -Metaphase -S -G2 -Telophase -Cytokinesis -G1 -Prophase | Mitotic Phase
-Prophase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase
-Cytokinesis
Interphase
-G1
-S
-G2
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| What is the difference between genetic transcription and translation? | Transcription is when we read DNA to make a strand of mRNA. Translation is when we translate from the mRNA and create an Amino Acid Chain.
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| Define hypertonic and explain the importantance in clinical practice. | Hypertonic solution has a relatively high solute concentration and causes water to leave the cell. Hypertonic causes a cell crenate (or shrink).
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| Define isotonic and explain the importantance in clinical practice. | Isotonic solution has same solute concentration as cells. Clinical importance-decide what type of solution to use when cleaning a wound & whether the sol would cause patient discomfort or complicate healing or type of IV sol to use. Isotonic = balanced.
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| Define hypotonic and explain the importantance in clinical practice. | Hypotonic solution has a relatively low solute concentration and causes water to enter the cell. Hypotonic allows more fluid into the cell which can cause it to rupture.
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| The four primary tissue types found in adult organs include all of the following except fibrous. muscular. nervous. connective. epithelial. | fibrous
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| The clear gel inside a cell is called tissue fluid. matrix. ground substance. interstitial fluid. cytosol. | cytosol
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| _______________ lines body cavities, covers the body surface, and forms the lining of many organs. Adipose tissue Interstitial tissue Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Nervous tissue | Epithelial tissue
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| An epithelium with all cells tall and narrow and with every cell touching the basement membrane is called ________________ stratified squamous. simple cuboidal. simple columnar. stratified cuboidal. pseudostratified columnar. | simple columnar
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| The basement membrane is found between -epithelium and extracellular material. -epithelium and intracellular material. -interstitial fluid and extracellular fluid. -epithelium and connective tissue. -extracellular material and intracellular material | epithelium and connective tissue
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| ______________ epithelium allows for rapid diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs. Simple squamous Simple cuboidal Simple columnar Stratified squamous-keratinized Stratified squamous-nonkeratini | Simple squamous
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| _____________ cells in simple columnar and pseudostratified columnar epithelia produce protective mucous coatings over the mucous membranes. Goblet Basal Basement membrane Simple Keratinized | Goblet
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| A brush border of microvilli belongs to _______________ epithelium found in the ______________. stratified squamous; anal canal pseudostratified; nasal cavity stratified squamous; esophagus -simple columnar; small intestine -simple cuboidal; esoph | simple columnar; small intestine
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| __ epithelium in bladder resembles ___ epithelium, but apical cells are rounded, not flattened. -Stratified squamous; strat columnar -Strat squamous; pseudostrat -Transitional; strat squamous -Simple columnar; pseudostrat -Transitional; simple cuboid | Transitional; stratified squamous
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| __ epithelium is assoc. w/rapid transport of substances thru membrane, whereas __ epithelium is assoc. w/resist. to abrasion -Pseudostrat; simple cubodial -Simple cubod; pseudostrat -Simple col; trans. -Pseudostrat; simple squam -Simple squam; strat | Simple squamous; stratified squamous
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| The shape of a person's external ear is given by dense regular connective tissue. ligaments. dense irregular connective tissue. fibrocartilage. elastic cartilage. | elastic cartilage
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| New triglycerides are constantly synthesized and stored and others are hydrolyzed and released into circulation mostly from cells in adipose tissue. transitional tissue. fibrous connective tissue. blood. reticular tissue. | adipose tissue
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| _ tissues respond quick to outside stimuli by changes in membrane potential, thus they are called _ tissues. -Adipose & areolar; complex -Epithelial & connect.; irritable -Nerv. & connect.; excitable -Musc. & nerv.; excitable -Connect. & musc.; respo | Muscular and nervous; excitable
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| Nervous tissue consists predominantly of two cell types, neurons and chondrocytes. myocytes. neuroglia. fibroblasts. osteocytes. | neuroglia
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| Skeletal muscle is described as nonstriated and involuntary. striated and voluntary. striated and involuntary. fibrous and contracting. nonstriated and voluntary. | striated and voluntary
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| __________________ secrete __________________ into __________________. Exocrine glands; hormones; ducts Goblet cells; mucus; the blood Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood Endocrine glands; hormones; ducts Exocrine glands; mucus; the blo | Endocrine glands; hormones; the blood
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| The replacement of damaged tissue with scar tissue is called gangrene. apoptosis. necrosis. fibrosis. regeneration. | fibrosis
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| Correctly label the following areas on a slide of simple squamous epithelium. | See diagram.
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| Correctly label the following areas on a slide of simple columnar epithelium. | See diagram.
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| Correctly identify the following types of membrane proteins. | See diagram.
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| Know bilayer diagram |
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| Know cell diagram. |
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