Common IV therapy solutions, tonicity, and examples of clinical use
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| 0.9% Saline | Isotonic; Trauma, diabetic ketoacidosis w/ blood transfusions, hyponatremia.
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| 0.45% Saline | Hypotonic; To supply normal daily salt and water requirements.
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| 5% Dextrose in water | D5W- Isotonic but becomes hypotonic once in the body. Vehicle for IV piggyback medications; hyperkalemia.
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| 10% Dextrose in water | Hypertonic;If TPN is abruptly discontinued. Calories.
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| 5% Dextrose in 0.9% saline | Hypertonic; Early treatment of burns
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| 5% Dextrose in 0.45% saline | Hypertonic; Postoperative; common maintenance fluid.
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| 5% Dextrose in 0.225% saline | Isotonic; Postoperative; common maintenance fluid.
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| Ringer's lactate | Isotonic; Trauma, dehydration from severe diarrhea or vomiting.
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| 5% Dextrose in Ringer's lactate | Hypertonic; Burns, dehydration from severe diarrhea or vomiting.
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| NS | 0.9% sodium chloride: Shock, resuscitation, fluid changes, blood transfusions, metabolic alkalosis,hypernatremia, DKA
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| LR | Lactated Ringers: Dehydration, burns, GI tract fluid loss, acute blood loss, hypovalemia, surgical maintenance.
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| D5W | 5% dextrose & 95% water: Fluid loss and dehydration, hypernatremia, maintain of blood sugar if NPO.
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| D5NS & uses | 5% dextrose, o.9% NACl in water: Draws water from cells, used for over hydrated or edematous clients.
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| D5LR & uses | 5% dextrose & lactated ringers; hypertonic dextrose solution: use for hypovolemic shock, hemorrhagic shock,Certain cases of acidosis.
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| D51/2NS | 5% dextrose & 0.45% normal saline; hypertonic dextrose solution: use for heat exhaustion, diabetic disorders.
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| TPN | Total Parenteral Nutrition; dextrose, protein, lipids, electrolytes, trace elements, vitamins, insulin (if needed): use for bypasses digestive system & places drip nutrients directly in the vein.
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| Hypertonic solutions | D5NS; D5LR; D51/2NS; TPN
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| Hypotonic solutions |
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