research midterm #2
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| what is an ultimate outcome? | type and level of performance a clinician hopes that client will ultimately achieve
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| What is a cost-benefit analysis | Part of treatment efficacy that includes cost of treatment, length and frequency of treatment to establish benefit of treatment
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| What is treatment efficacy? | an investigatory tool for examining effects of environmental variables(Tx) on organismic variables (communicative behaviors)
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| What is the EBP triad? | 1) client expertise 2) client/patient values 3) current best practice
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| What is required for treatment efficacy? | performance is shown to be: 1) derrived from Tx rather than extraneous variables 2) real and reproducible 3) clinically important
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| Ideal treatment... | 1) causes large changes 2) in meaningful outomes 3) with limited variablility across clients
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| treatment efficacy research must have what? | 1) Internal validity 2) statistical significance 3) practical significance
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| What 2 methods can we use for external validity? | 1) Randomization 2) Sample Size
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| What is external validity? | ability of research for generalization across populations, settings, or other variables
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| What are the methods of randomization | 1) simple random sampling 2) stratified random sampling 3) cluster sampling 3) multi-stage sampling
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| what are advantages of group designs? | 1) subjects can be randomly assigned to Tx groups 2) non-treatment group provides independent reference 3) can generalize from representative sample 4) can calculate effect size with meta-analysis
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| What are disadvantages of group designs? | 1) not as flexible 2) intrasubject variation not measured or controlled 3) Random sampling or close-matching of subjects needed 4) needs larger number of subjects
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| What are advantages of Single subject design? | 1) smaller number of subjects who act as own controls 2) avoids subject matching problems 3) examines behavior of individual subjects over time 4) Intrasubject variation can be measured and controlled
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| What are disadvantages of Single subject designs? | 1) less generalizeable 2) greater need for replication 3) Intersubject variability not well accounted for 4) requires more time and effort be subject
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| What are 4 threats to external validity? | 1) subject selection 2) interactive pretest 3) reactive arrangements 4) multiple treatment interference
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| What is subject selection concern? | are subjects chosen representative of population wished to generalize
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| What is Internal Validity? | Does the it measure what it says to measure (does Tx work?)
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| What must be controlled for internal Validity? | 1) History 2) Maturation 3) Reactive Test-retest practice effects 4) Instrumentation 5) statistical regression 6) differential selection of participants 7) mortality/attrition 8) Interaction of factors
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| What must be controlled for internal validity in a qualitative study? | 1) credibility 2) researcher bias 3) researcher reactivity
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| What are 3 questions regarding Tx efficacy? | 1) does Tx work? 2) how does Tx alter behavior? 3) does Tx work better than another?
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| What do you do to frame a question? | 1) ask a well-built question 2) select evidence sources 3) Implement search strategies 4) Appraise evidence 5) Apply the evidence 6) Evaluate application of evidence 7) Disseminate findings
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| What are some Pre-test Experimental designs? | 1) One-shot case study design 2) Don-group Pretest-posttest design 3) static group comparison design
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| What are some quasi-experimental designs? | 1) non-equivalent control-group design 2) time-series design
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| What are some true experimental designs? | 1) Randomized pretest-posttest control group designs 2) Solomon randomized 4 group design
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ersa0501
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