Cancer
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| Liquid tumor vs. solid tumor | Purely way oncologists differentiate types of CA
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| Leukemia definition | Unrestricted proliferation of immature WBCs in blood-forming tissues of body.
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| Leukemia has __ leukocyte count, __ WBC count, __ immature blast cell %, and __ healthy marrow | Low leukocyte, >50,000 WBC, 60-100% immature blast, 5% healthy marrow
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| Main consequences of leukemia | 1) anemia from decreased erythrocytes, 2) infxn from neutropenia, 3) bleeding from decreased platelet production
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| Leukemia infilatration of spleen, liver, and lymph nodes causes | Tissue fibrosis
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| Infiltratino of CNS from leukemia... | Increased ICP
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| Risk factors of leukemia | Most common CA, ALL most common form (peak 2-6 yrs, increased incidence in white boys), trisomy 21 20x risk
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| Leukemia early s/sx | Low-grade fever, pallor, increased bruising/petechiae, listlessnes, enlarged liver/lymph/joints, abdm/leg/jt pain, constipation, HA, vomiting, anorexia, unsteady gait
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| Leukemia late s/sx | Pain, hematuria, ulcerations in mouth, enlarged kidneys/testicles, increased ICP signs
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| Most definitive Dx test for leukemia | Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy. Show prolific amnts immature blast cells and protein markers.
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| Bone marrow aspirate RN actions | Topical anesthetic 45min-1hr before procedure, unconscious sedation, specimen from post/ant iliac crest or tibia. Post-proced: apply pressure to site 5-10 min, VS freq, pressure drsg, monitor bleed/infxn for 24h
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| Leukemia CSF analysis | Lumbar puncture, determine increased ICP. Sedation, topical/local anesthetic, pressure applied after needle removed, monitor for hematoma/infxn
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| Leukemia sonograms | Detect liver/spleen infiltration, enlargement, fibrosis
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| Liver and kidney studies indication | Results used as baseline functioning before chemo
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| Lymphoma definition | Masses of immune cells, originates in lymphoid system
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| Lymphoma s/sx | Fatigue, fluctuation in wt, enlarged/irregular lymph nodes
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| Primary therapy for lymphoma | Chemo and irradiation.
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| 60% of lymphomas are | Non-Hodgkins
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| Liquid tumor potential outcomes | Chemo SE: alopecia, nausea, constipation, fatigue. Immune compromised, opportunistic infxn, mucositis, anemia, hemorrhage, may lead to bone marrow transplant
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| Osteosarcoma usu occurs in ____, most often ___. | Metaphysis of long bones; most often in femur.
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| Osteosarcoma Tx | Salvage techniques more common than amputation. Use donor bone c. instrumentation
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| Ewing's sarcoma occurs in ____ | Shafts of long bones and trunk bones.
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| Tx of Ewing's sarcoma includes | Surgical biopsy, intensive radiation, therapy to tumor site, chemo, but NOT amuputation!
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| Wilm's tumor definition | Kidney tumor. Peak 3-4 yrs of age. Associated with several cogenital malformation syndromes.
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| Wilm's tumor s/sx | Painless swelling or mass within abdm which is firm, non-tender, confined to one side, deep within flank. Occasional HTN, increased abdm circum, UTI sx in toddlers
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| Wilm's tumor Tx | Chemo before tumor removal
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| Wilm's tumor comcplications | Same as other CA, risk for tumor lysis syndrome, renal loss, increased risk of renal failure, sterility
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| Survival rates for pts. with Wilm's tumor are one of the ____ | Highest
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| Brain tumor show neuro changes and increased ____ | ICP sx
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| Brain tumor Tx | Chemo, radiation, removal depending on location
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| Brain tumors often ____ | Reoccur
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| Brain tumor complications | Risks of chemo, sterility, permanent neurological deficit
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| Neuroblastoma definition | Extracranial solid tumor. Can occur in any tissue. Originate from embryonic neural crest. Majority from adrenal gland or retroperiton sympath chain. Primary site: abdm
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| Neuroblastoma s/sx | Firm, nontender irregular mass in abdm that crosses midline.
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| Neuroblastoma is usually found _____ | After metastasis. Discovered in fetal US
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| Neuroblastomas seen more often in | Infants and toddlers
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| Hepatoblastoma definition. Found in __ | Liver mass; infants
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| _____ is first choice, then __ for heptaoblastoma | Surgery; then chemo
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| Rhabdomyosarcoma definition | Tumor in connective tissue. Most common head or neck, orbit of eye.
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| Rhabdomyosarcoma Tx | Surgical biopsy, local radiation therapy, chemo
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| Rhabdomyosarcoma found more often in | White children < 5 y.o.
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| Retinoblastoma defintion | Tumor on retina. White glow eye found in family pictures
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| Retinoblastoma Tx | Radiation to reduce size and excision, chemo
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| Complication of retinoblastoma | Possible enucleation (removal of eye)
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Created by:
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