Assessment of Immune Function_Chapter 50
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| Agglutination: | clumping effect occurring when an antibody acts as a cross-link between two antigens
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| Antibody: | a protein substance developed by the body in response to and interacting with a specific antigen
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| Antigen: | substance that induces the production of antibodies antigenic determinant:
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| Apoptosis: | programmed cell death that results from the digestion of deoxyribonucleic acid by endonucleases
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| B cells: | cells that are important for producing a humoral immune response cellular immune response:
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| Complement: | series of enzymatic proteins in the serum that, when activated, destroy bacteria and other cells
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| Cytokines: | generic term for nonantibody proteins that act as intercellular mediators, as in the generation of immune response
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| Cytotoxic T cells: | lymphocytes that lyse cells infected with virus; also play a role in graft rejection
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| Epitope: | any component of an antigen molecule that functions as an antigenetic determinant by permitting the attachment of certain antibodies
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| Genetic engineering: | emerging technology designed to enable replacement of missing or defective genes helper T cells:
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| Humoral immune response: | the immune system’s second line of defense; often termed the antibody response
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| Immune response: | the coordinated response of the components of the immune system to a foreign agent or organism
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| Immune system: | the collection of organs, cells, tissues, and molecules that mediate the immune response
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| Immunity: | the body’s specific protective response to a foreign agent or organism; resistance to disease, specifically infectious diseases
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| Immunopathology: | study of diseases resulting in dysfunctions within the immune system
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| Immunoregulation: | complex system of checks and balances that regulates or controls immune responses
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| Interferon’s: | proteins formed when cells are exposed to viral or foreign agents; capable of activating other components of the immune system
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| lymphocytes: | substances released by sensitized lymphocytes when they come in contact with specific antigens
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| Memory cells: | cells that are responsible for recognizing antigens from previous exposure and mounting an immune response
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| Natural killer (NK) cells: | lymphocytes that defend against microorganisms and malignant cells
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| Null lymphocytes: | lymphocytes that destroy antigens already coated with the antibody
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| Opsonization: | the coating of antigen–antibody molecules with a sticky substance to facilitate phagocytosis
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| Phagocytic cells: | cells that engulf, ingest, and destroy foreign bodies or toxins
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| Phagocytic immune response: | the immune system’s first line of defense, involving white blood cells that have the ability to ingest foreign particles
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| Stem cells: | precursors of all blood cells; reside primarily in bone marrow
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| Suppressor T cells: | lymphocytes that decrease B-cell activity to a level at which the immune system is compatible with life
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| T cells: | cells that are important for producing a cellular immune response
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