Earthquakes
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| earthquakes | the shaking that results from the movement of rock below the Earth's surface
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| crust | The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface
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| fault | a break or crack in Earth's lithosphere along which the rocks move
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| mantle | the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core
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| lithosphere | a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust
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| seismologists: | scientists who measure and study earthquakes
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| lithospheric plates | large pieces of the lithosphere that are always moving
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| P waves | Seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion
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| S waves | Seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down
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| Seismic waves | Vibrations that carry an earthquake's energy through the earth
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| Surface waves | Waves that move more slowly than P waves and S waves; they can produce severe ground movements
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| Seismograph | An instrument that records and measures seismic waves
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| Focus | The point where the rock breaks and triggers an earthquake
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| Epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the focus
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| magnitude | The number that is based on the earthquake's strength
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| Richter scale | It measures an earthquake's magnitude
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| Mercalli scale | It rates an earthquake's damage at a certain place
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| moment magnitude scale | It rates and estimates the energy released from an earthquake
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| liquifaction | The process where the earth's shaking turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud
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| aftershock | An earthquake that happens after a large earthquake in the same area
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| tsunami | Large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes
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| base isolated building | A building mounted on foundation designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake
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| Tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle
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| Compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
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| Shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement
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| Strike-slip fault | A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion
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| Reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust
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| Normal fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downwards; caused by tension in the crust
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| Plateau | A landform that has high elevation and a more of less level surface
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Created by:
lchoi
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