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Earthquakes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| earthquakes | the shaking that results from the movement of rock below the Earth's surface |
| crust | The layer of rock that forms Earth's outer surface |
| fault | a break or crack in Earth's lithosphere along which the rocks move |
| mantle | the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core |
| lithosphere | a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and crust |
| seismologists: | scientists who measure and study earthquakes |
| lithospheric plates | large pieces of the lithosphere that are always moving |
| P waves | Seismic waves that compress and expand the ground like an accordion |
| S waves | Seismic waves that vibrate from side to side as well as up and down |
| Seismic waves | Vibrations that carry an earthquake's energy through the earth |
| Surface waves | Waves that move more slowly than P waves and S waves; they can produce severe ground movements |
| Seismograph | An instrument that records and measures seismic waves |
| Focus | The point where the rock breaks and triggers an earthquake |
| Epicenter | The point on the surface directly above the focus |
| magnitude | The number that is based on the earthquake's strength |
| Richter scale | It measures an earthquake's magnitude |
| Mercalli scale | It rates an earthquake's damage at a certain place |
| moment magnitude scale | It rates and estimates the energy released from an earthquake |
| liquifaction | The process where the earth's shaking turns loose, soft soil into liquid mud |
| aftershock | An earthquake that happens after a large earthquake in the same area |
| tsunami | Large ocean waves caused by underwater earthquakes |
| base isolated building | A building mounted on foundation designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake |
| Tension | Stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in the middle |
| Compression | Stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks |
| Shearing | Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions, in a sideways movement |
| Strike-slip fault | A type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up-or-down motion |
| Reverse fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides upward; caused by compression in the crust |
| Normal fault | A type of fault where the hanging wall slides downwards; caused by tension in the crust |
| Plateau | A landform that has high elevation and a more of less level surface |
Created by:
lchoi
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