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Dynamic Planet Glaciers

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
ablation area   show
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show depressions in the snow surface caused by the sun or warm, gusty wind.  
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show mound or layer of moraine in the ablation zone of a glacier; the rock has been plucked from the mountainside by the moving glacier and is melting out on the ice surface.  
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show period during which glaciers lose more mass than they gain; usually coincides with summer.  
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show area or zone of a glacier where snow and ice ablation exceed accumulation.  
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accumulation area   show
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accumulation season   show
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show area of a glacier where more mass is gained than lost.  
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show when a mountain glacier's terminus extends farther down valley than before; glacial advance occurs when a glacier flows downvalley faster than the rate of ablation at its terminus.  
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show a glacier that is confined by surrounding mountain terrain; also called a mountain glacier.  
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arete   show
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band ogives   show
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show the sliding of a glacier over bedrock.  
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bergschrund   show
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show glacier that has one or more tributary glaciers that flow into it; distinguished from a simple valley glacier that has only a single tributary glacier.  
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catchment glacier   show
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chattermarks   show
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show bowl shape or amphitheater usually sculpted out of the mountain terrain by a cirque glacier.  
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show glacier that resides in basins or amphitheaters near ridge crests; most cirque glaciers have a characteristic circular shape, with their width as wide or wider than their length.  
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show glacier in which most of the ice is below the pressure melting point; nonetheless, the glacier's surface may be susceptible to melt due to incoming solar radiation  
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compression flow   show
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show snow metamorphism that adds molecules to sharpen the comers and edges of an ice crystal.  
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crevasse   show
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crevasse hoar   show
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show any part of a glacier which has ceased to flow; dead ice is usually covered with moraine.  
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show a cone-shaped formation of ice that is covered by dirt; a dirt cone is caused by a differential pattern of ablation between the dirt covered surface and bare ice.  
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show preferred path for meltwater to flow from the surface through a snow cover.  
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drift glacier   show
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drumlin   show
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show a mound or layer of moraine formed along the edge of a glacier by rock that falls off the ice; sometimes called a ground moraine.  
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show an arch-shaped ridge of moraine found near the end of a glacier.  
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show zone of a glacier in which the amount of precipitation that falls is equal to the amount that melts the following summer.  
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show a sinuous ridge of sedimentary material (typically gravel or sand) deposited by streams that cut channels under or through the glacier ice.  
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extending flow   show
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false ogives   show
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fjord   show
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foliation   show
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show alternate bands of light and dark on a glacier; usually found below steep narrow icefalls and thought to be the result of different flow and ablation rates between summer and winter.  
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forel stripes   show
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geyser   show
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show when a mountain glacier's terminus extends farther downvalley than before; occurs when a glacier flows downvalley faster than the rate of ablation at its terminus.  
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glacial erratic   show
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show grooves or gouges cut into the bedrock by gravel and rocks carried by glacial ice and meltwater; also called glacial striations.  
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glacial retreat   show
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show grooves or gouges cut into the bedrock by gravel and rocks carried by glacial ice and meltwater; also called glacial grooves.  
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glacial till   show
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glacial trough   show
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show land covered in the past by any form of glacier is said to be glaciated.  
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show a mass of ice that originates on land, usually having an area larger than one tenth of a square kilometer; many believe that a glacier must show some type of movement; others believe that a glacier can show evidence of past or present movement.  
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show a cave of ice, usually underneath a glacier and formed by meltwater; cave entrances are often enlarged near a glacier terminus by warm winds; most common on stagnant portions of glaciers.  
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show a phenomenon in which strong reflection of the sun on an icy surface causes a glacier to look like it is on fire.  
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show a sudden outburst of water released by a glacier.  
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show a fine powder of silt- and clay-sized particles that a glacier creates as its rock-laden ice scrapes over bedrock; usually flushed out in meltwater streams and causes water to look powdery gray; also called rock flour.  
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show well-bonded ice crystals compacted from snow with a bulk density greater than 860 kilograms per cubic-meter (55 pounds per cubic-foot).  
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glacier mill   show
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glacier pothole   show
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glacier remainie   show
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show the lowest end of a glacier; also called glacier terminus or toe.  
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show the bottom of the ice of a glacier.  
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glacier table   show
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show the lowest end of a glacier; also called glacier snout or toe.  
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show the lowest end of a glacier; also called glacier snout or terminus.  
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glacier trough   show
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show a very small glacier.  
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show land overlaid at present by a glacier is said to be covered; the alternative term glacierized has not found general favour.  
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show continuous layer of till near the edge or underneath a steadily retreating glacier.  
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hanging glacier   show
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show a steep cliff, usually the uppermost part of a cirque.  
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horn   show
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show a mass of ice adhering to a mountainside.  
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ice cap   show
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show a cave of ice, usually underneath a glacier and formed by meltwater; cave entrances are often enlarged near a glacier terminus by warm winds; most common on stagnant portions of glaciers.  
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ice covered   show
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ice divide   show
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show a shaking of ice caused by crevasse formation or jerky motion.  
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ice sheet   show
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ice stream   show
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show a rock glacier that has interstitial ice a meter or so below the surface.  
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show a rock glacier that has a buried core of ice.  
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icefall   show
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hanging valley   show
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show a mass of glacier ice; similar to an ice cap, and usually smaller and lacking a dome-like shape; somewhat controlled by terrain.  
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jokulhlaup   show
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show a ridge-shaped moraine deposited at the side of a glacier and composed of material eroded from the valley walls by the moving glacier.  
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show a crevasse near the side of a glacier formed as the glacier moves past stationary valley walls; usually oriented about 45 degrees up-glacier from the side wall.  
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medial moraine   show
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show a channel within, underneath, on top of, or near the side of a glacier that drains meltwater out of the glacier; usually kept open by the frictional heating of flowing water that melts the ice walls of the conduit.  
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show a mound, ridge, or other distinct accumulation of glacial till.  
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moraine shoal   show
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moulin   show
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mountain glacier   show
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show a geyser; a fountain that develops when water from a conduit is forced up to the surface of a glacier.  
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niche glacier   show
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show a rocky crag or small mountain projecting from and surrounded by a glacier or ice sheet.  
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show  
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outburst flood   show
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outlet glacier   show
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show large ice lobe spread out over surrounding terrain, associated with the terminus of a large mountain valley glacier.  
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show a glacier entirely below freezing, except possibly for a thin layer of melt near the surface during summer or near the bed; polar glaciers are found only in polar regions of the globe or at high altitudes.  
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pothole   show
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show moraine built out ahead of an advancing glacier.  
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randkluft   show
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reconstituted glacier   show
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show a glacier that is reconstructed or reconstituted out of other glacier material; usually formed by seracs falling from a hanging glacier then re-adhering; also called reconstituted glacier, regenerated glacier, or glacier remainie.  
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show motion of an object through ice by melting and freezing that is caused by pressure differences; this process allows a glacier to slide past small obstacles on its bed.  
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show  
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show when a mountain glacier's terminus doesn't extend as far downvalley as it previously did; occurs when ablation surpasses accumulation.  
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show a glacier whose terminus is increasingly retreating upvalley compared to its previous position due to a higher level of ablation compared to accumulation.  
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rock flour   show
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show looks like a mountain glacier and has active flow; usually includes a poorly sorted mess of rocks and fine material; may include: interstitial ice, (“ice-cemented”),a buried core of ice (“ice-cored”), and/or (3) rock debris from avalanching snow and rock.  
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sedimentary ogives   show
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serac   show
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sintering   show
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snowdrift glacier   show
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show  
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subpolar glacier   show
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surging glacier a glacier that experiences a dramatic increase in flow rate, 10 to 100 times faster than its normal rate; usually surge events last less than one year and occur periodically, between 15 and 100 years.   show
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show a small mountain lake or pool.  
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terminus   show
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thomson crystal   show
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show mountain glacier that terminates in the ocean.  
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tongue   show
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tributary glacier   show
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show a mountain glacier whose flow is confined by valley walls.  
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wave ogives   show
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show glacier ice that has been exposed to sun or warm wind so that the boundaries between ice crystals are partly disintegrated.  
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