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Dynamic Planet Glaciers

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Question
Answer
ablation area   show
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show depressions in the snow surface caused by the sun or warm, gusty wind.  
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ablation moraine   show
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show period during which glaciers lose more mass than they gain; usually coincides with summer.  
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ablation zone   show
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show area of a glacier where more mass is gained than lost.  
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accumulation season   show
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accumulation zone   show
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show when a mountain glacier's terminus extends farther down valley than before; glacial advance occurs when a glacier flows downvalley faster than the rate of ablation at its terminus.  
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show a glacier that is confined by surrounding mountain terrain; also called a mountain glacier.  
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show sharp, narrow ridge formed as a result of glacial erosion from both sides.  
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show alternate bands of light and dark on a glacier; usually found below steep narrow icefalls and thought to be the result of different flow and ablation rates between summer and winter.  
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basal sliding   show
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bergschrund   show
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show glacier that has one or more tributary glaciers that flow into it; distinguished from a simple valley glacier that has only a single tributary glacier.  
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catchment glacier   show
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show striations or marks left on the surface of exposed bedrock caused by the advance and retreat of glacier ice.  
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cirque   show
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show glacier that resides in basins or amphitheaters near ridge crests; most cirque glaciers have a characteristic circular shape, with their width as wide or wider than their length.  
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show glacier in which most of the ice is below the pressure melting point; nonetheless, the glacier's surface may be susceptible to melt due to incoming solar radiation  
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show flow that occurs when glacier motion is decelerating down-slope.  
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show snow metamorphism that adds molecules to sharpen the comers and edges of an ice crystal.  
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crevasse   show
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crevasse hoar   show
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show any part of a glacier which has ceased to flow; dead ice is usually covered with moraine.  
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dirt cone   show
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drain channel   show
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drift glacier   show
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show remnant elongated hills formed by historical glacial action; it is not clear exactly how they are formed and why they form only in some glaciated regions.  
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dump moraine   show
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end moraine   show
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equilibrium zone   show
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esker   show
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extending flow   show
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show bands of light and dark on a glacier that were formed by rock avalanching.  
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show glacial troughs that fill with sea water.  
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foliation   show
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forbes bands   show
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forel stripes   show
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show fountain that develops when water from a conduit is forced up to the surface of a glacier; also called a negative mill.  
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glacial advance   show
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glacial erratic   show
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show grooves or gouges cut into the bedrock by gravel and rocks carried by glacial ice and meltwater; also called glacial striations.  
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show when the position of a mountain glacier's terminus is farther upvalley than before; occurs when a glacier ablates more material at its terminus than it transports into that region.  
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glacial striations   show
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show accumulations of unsorted, unstratified mixtures of clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders; the usual composition of a moraine.  
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show a large u-shaped valley formed from a v-shaped valley by glacial erosion.  
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glaciated   show
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glacier   show
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glacier cave   show
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glacier fire   show
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show a sudden outburst of water released by a glacier.  
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glacier flour   show
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glacier ice   show
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show a nearly vertical channel in ice that is formed by flowing water; usually found after a relatively flat section of glacier in a region of transverse crevasses.  
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glacier pothole   show
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show a glacier that is reconstructed or reconstituted out of other glacier material; usually formed by seracs falling from a hanging glacier, then re-adhering; also called reconstituted, reconstructed or regenerated glacier.  
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show the lowest end of a glacier; also called glacier terminus or toe.  
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show the bottom of the ice of a glacier.  
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show a rock that resides on a pedestal of ice; formed by differential ablation between the rock-covered ice and surrounding bare ice.  
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glacier terminus   show
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glacier toe   show
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glacier trough   show
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glacieret   show
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glacierized   show
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ground moraine   show
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hanging glacier   show
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show a steep cliff, usually the uppermost part of a cirque.  
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show a peak or pinnacle thinned and eroded by three or more glacial cirques.  
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ice apron   show
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ice cap   show
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ice cave   show
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ice covered   show
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ice divide   show
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show a shaking of ice caused by crevasse formation or jerky motion.  
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show a dome-shaped mass of glacier ice that covers surrounding terrain and is greater than 50,000 square kilometers (12 million acres) (e.g., the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets).  
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ice stream   show
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ice-cemented glacier   show
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show a rock glacier that has a buried core of ice.  
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show part of a glacier with rapid flow and a chaotic crevassed surface; occurs where the glacier bed steepenes or narrows.  
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show a valley formed by a small glacier that has a valley bottom relatively higher than nearby valleys formed by larger glaciers.  
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icefield   show
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show (1) a large outburst flood that usually occurs when a glacially dammed lake drains catastrophically (2) any catastrophic release of water from a glacier.  
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lateral moraine   show
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show a crevasse near the side of a glacier formed as the glacier moves past stationary valley walls; usually oriented about 45 degrees up-glacier from the side wall.  
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medial moraine   show
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show a channel within, underneath, on top of, or near the side of a glacier that drains meltwater out of the glacier; usually kept open by the frictional heating of flowing water that melts the ice walls of the conduit.  
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show a mound, ridge, or other distinct accumulation of glacial till.  
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moraine shoal   show
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show a nearly vertical channel in ice that is formed by flowing water; usually found after a relatively flat section of glacier in a region of transverse crevasses; also called a pothole.  
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show a glacier that is confined by surrounding mountain terrain; also called an alpine glacier.  
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negative mill   show
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show very small glacier that occupies gullies and hollows on north-facing slopes (northern hemisphere); may develop into cirque glacier if conditions are favorable.  
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show a rocky crag or small mountain projecting from and surrounded by a glacier or ice sheet.  
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show  
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show any catastrophic flooding from a glacier; may originate from trapped water in cavities inside a glacier or at the margins of glaciers or from lakes that are dammed by flowing glaciers.  
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outlet glacier   show
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piedmont glacier   show
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polar glacier   show
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pothole   show
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push moraine   show
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randkluft   show
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reconstituted glacier   show
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show a glacier that is reconstructed or reconstituted out of other glacier material; usually formed by seracs falling from a hanging glacier then re-adhering; also called reconstituted glacier, regenerated glacier, or glacier remainie.  
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regelation   show
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regenerated glacier   show
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retreat   show
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show a glacier whose terminus is increasingly retreating upvalley compared to its previous position due to a higher level of ablation compared to accumulation.  
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rock flour   show
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show looks like a mountain glacier and has active flow; usually includes a poorly sorted mess of rocks and fine material; may include: interstitial ice, (“ice-cemented”),a buried core of ice (“ice-cored”), and/or (3) rock debris from avalanching snow and rock.  
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sedimentary ogives   show
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show  
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show the bonding together of ice crystals.  
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show a semipermanent mass of firn formed by drifted snow behind obstructions or in the ground; also called a catchment glacier or a drift glacier.  
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splay crevasse a crevasse pattern that forms where ice slowly spreads out sideways; commonly found near a glacier terminus.   show
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show a glacier whose temperature regime is between polar and temperate; usually predominantly below freezing, but could experience extensive summer melt.  
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show  
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show a small mountain lake or pool.  
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show the lowest end of a glacier, also called the glacier toe or glacier snout.  
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show a large ice crystal found in deep, stagnant water-filled cavities of a glacier.  
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tidewater glacier   show
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show a projection of the ice edge up to several km in length caused by wind and current; usually forms when a valley glacier moves very quickly into a lake or ocean.  
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tributary glacier   show
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valley glacier   show
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wave ogives   show
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weathered ice   show
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