Circulation Ch. 8
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Movement of air masses are due to what 2 major factors? | Uneven solar heating (depends on latitude)and Deflection due to the Coriolis effect
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| rising air at the equator && tropics carries a lot of vapor which is caused by? | Moisture
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| Molecule by molecule (solids, liquids, gases) | Conduction
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| By mass motion in a fluid (gas or liquid) | Convection
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| either by particles (photons) or waves | Radiation
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| What is the main source of Energy for the oceans and atmosphere of Earth? | Solar Heating
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| Transfer of heat from regions of greater heating at the EQUATOR to LESSER HEATING at the POLES drive movement of what? | air and water control our seasons and control our weather.
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| What does the amount of heat (radiation) depend on? | the position of the sun at the horizon
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| What is the Earths axis of rotation tilted to? | 23.5 relative to its orbits around the sun
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| In December, the northern hemisphere is tilted away from? | the Sun, so it gets less heat input.
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| In June, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards? | towards the Sun, so it gets more heat input.
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| The Tilt determines our? | Seasons
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| the Earth’s surface takes time to absorb the heat and warm, especially the oceans due to high heat capacity. | Thermal inertia
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| On average, the Earth re-radiates as much heat in as it gets from the Sun. | Heat In >>> Earth >>> Heat out
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| Net surplus at the equator and a deficit at the poles? | Heat transfers
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| How does heat transfer | winds and ocean current
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| Why does hot air rise? | molecules in warm air are farther apart because of higher vibration energy (temperature), so density is less hot!
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| Air pressure is a fancy word for? | weight of the column of air above you
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| As air rises | pressure decreases
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| As pressure decreases | air expands
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| it takes energy for the air molecules to move farther apart, in which energy has to come from the? | vibrational energy molecules= tempature
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| Adiabatic is when | there is no heat in or out which then is cooling; air sinking
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| Adiabatic heating | warming undergoes
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| Covection | is formed when air cools. (Convection is clouds)
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| Cold Air holds | less moisture
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| The ocean at the equator is warmer, thus water is | evaporating and the rising air has more water vapor, thus causes humiditiy
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| Dry air is more dense then | humid air
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| three cells per hemisphere | Hadley Cell, Ferrell Cell, Polar Cell
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| Hadley Cell | tropical latitudes (0-30 N or S)
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| Ferrel Cell | mid latitudes (30-60 N or S)
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| Polar Cell | Polar high latitudes (60-90 N or S)
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| Doldrums or Intertropical Convergence Zone is? | equatorial area where air moves vertically upward
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| Where can Intertropical Convergence Zones or Doldrums be found at? | low atmospheric pressure regions.. Surface winds are WEAK, rainy weather, thunderstorms
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| Jet Stream | High altitude winds that form between cells- useful for pilots- westerly winds across US
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| Oceans and atmosphere are in | continuous contact
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| Movement of air masses in the atmosphere is due to mainly what 2 major factors? | Uneven solar heating (depends on latitude) and deflection due to the Cariolis effect
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| The intensity of the Coriolis Effect increases with | latitude, thus the STRONGEST are at the POLES and the WEAKEST are at the EQUATOR
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| N. hemisphere rotates | clockwise
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| S. Hemisphere rotates | anticlockwise
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| 2/3 of heat transfer to poles occurs by | air currents
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| Average wind directions are set by what two processes? | uneven solar heating and Cariolis effect
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| Storms are powered by | solar energy
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| Extra tropical cyclone | when air masses collide between Ferrel and Polar cells
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| Tropical Cyclone | when a warm humid air mass aqcuires energy from warm water as it passes over. (forms in tropical regions)
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| water warmer then 26 C | warm and humid air rise and produces rain
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| air IN cyclone storms turns in | opposite direction to Cariolois
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| extratropical cyclones usually develop | in winter when temp differences across the polar front are LARGE
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| Nor Easters | examples of extratropical cyclones. Atlantic Ocean.. North America
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