Genetics, Heredity, and DNA
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| Mendel | the father of genetics.
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| Watson & Crick | discovered the shape of DNA.
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| trait | a characteristic that is determined by genes.
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| heredity | the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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| dominant trait | a trait that is observed in the offspring when parents that have different traits are bred.
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| recessive trait | a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred.
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| gene | part of the DNA that is used to make a protien.
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| allele | different versions of a gene.
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| phenotype | an organism's inherited physical appearance
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| genotype | an organism's inherited combination of genes.
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| probability | the mathematical chance that an event will occur
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| variation | differences amongst organisms
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| DNA | a molecule that determines the traits a living thing inherits and needs to survive
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| RNA | a copy of DNA used to make proteins
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| ribosomes | an organelle that makes proteins
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| nucleus | the organelle that stores and protects DNA
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| nucleotide | a subunit of DNA made of a sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogenous base
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| double helix | the geometric shape of DNA
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| chromosome | coiled structure of DNA and protein
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| protein | a molecule used to build and repair cells and regulate chemical reactions in living things
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| mutation | a change in the order of the nucleotides in DNA
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| mutagen | anything that can cause a mutation
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| meiosis | cell division that results in cells with half the original number of chromosomes
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| Punnett Square | a tool used to predict the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a mating pair
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| genetic engineering | the process of putting the genes from one organism into the DNA of another organism
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| codon | three nucleotides in RNA that are read as a single unit
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| incomplete dominance | inheritance pattern where heterozygous genotypes have a mixed pheotype
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| codominance | inheritance pattern where heterozygous genotypes have two dominant phenotypes appear
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