fundamentals
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| proper body alignment, important because body functions the best in this position | posture
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| feet are parallel with knees slightly bent, need to pull in buttocks and hold abdomen up and in, back should be straight with the spine alligned, chest should be up slightly forward, stretch at the waist, head erect face forward chin slightly in | standing
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| buttocks and upper thighs base of support, knees should be flexed at 90*, arms should lie in lap or be supported by an arm rest | sitting
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| maintain proper body alignment by supporting the joints in a postition of function, can use different positional items, need to promote functional mobility and relieve pressure on bony prominences | lying down
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| the efficient use of the body as a machine | body mechanics
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| study of how the body moves | kinesiology
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| about promoting comfort, performance, and health in the work place | ergonomics
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| ABC's of body mechanics | Allignment Balance Coordinated body movements
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| muscles and bones | musculoskeletal system
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| position where lying completely flat on your back, puts pressure on spine and sacrum | supine
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| side lying position completely on side, puts pressure on hips | lateral
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| variation of sidelying position, slightly on back, reduces pressure on hips | lateral oblique
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| least used position, on abdomen | prone
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| variation of prone, kind of on side face down, one leg over other, arms supported by pillows | sim's
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| head of bed is up, preferred position, able to eat and look around, puts most pressure on sacral area, causes shearing force, good for respiratory patients | fowlers
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| head of bed elevated 90* | high fowlers
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| head of bed elevated 45* | semi fowlers
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| head of bed elevated 30* | low fowlers
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| reduction in muscle tone | atony
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| reduction in size, muscles shrink, leads to weakness | atrophy
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| permanantly shortened muscles, prevents normal joint movement | contractures
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| type of contracture where have prolonged planter flexion of the foot, reduces ability to stand and bear weight for walking and transferring | foot drop
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| when bones become weak and porous because calcium is removed from bones, primary reason our body does this is because the bones arent stressed | osteoporosis
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| muscular ache that comes from lack of position changes | backaches
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| venous blood pools in the blood vessels in the lower extremeties | venous stasis
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| stationary blood clot | thrombus
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| blood vessel wall becomes inflammed, most common in lower extremeties | thrombophlebitis
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| traveling blood clot, mainly due to part of a thrombus breaking off and travels through blood, eventually will hit artery it cant get through which causes embolism | embolus
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| blood pressure drops when patient sits/stands. drops more than 10/5, become faint/dizzy can have syncopal episode | orthostatic hypotension
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| build up of fluid in the interstitial tissues below the level of the heart, occurs because blood just doesnt flow, build up of blood in tissues | dependent edema
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| secretions not moving due to not moving around | stasis of secretions
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| medical term for doesnt move | stasis
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| inflammation of lungs, can be caused by pooled secretions, shallow respirations and inactivity | hypostatic pneumonia
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| breathing shallow from being inactive | decreased lung expansion
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| collapsed alveoli in the lungs, air cant move in and out, exchange of gases cant occur | atelectasis
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| urine doesnt flow well | urine stasis
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| bladder doesnt fully empty so bacteria grows in left over urine | urinary tract infection
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| kidney stones | urinary stone formation (calculi)
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| inability to control urination | urinary incontinence
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| loss of appetite | anorexia
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| wave like contractions that move food through your GI tract, ambulation and mobility can increase | decreased peristalsis
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| stool becomes hard and difficult to pass | constipation
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| collection of hardened feces in rectum or colon, patient is unable to pass without intervention | fecal impaction
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| caused by interfernece with local circulation, skin layers usually become trapped between boney prominence and whatever surface patient is on, over time tissue becomes injured and dies from anoxia | decubitis ulcer/pressure sore
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| because of prolonged unrelieved pressure, length of time more significant than actual weight | cause of decubitis
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| sliding of adjacent tissues or tissue layer, can cause damamge to tissues usually occurs when client is sitting or in high fowlers position | shearing force
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