Assessment of Neurologic Fx
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| weakness of both legs and lower part of trunk? | paraparesis
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| Which cerebral lobe contain auditory receptive areas? | temporal
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| Cerebral lobe largest and controls abstract thought? | frontal
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| Cranial nerve for facial sensation and corneal reflex? | 5, Trigeminal
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| (upper, lower) motor neurons cause no muscle atrophy | upper
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| recording electrical activity of muscle | electromyogram
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| what are sympathetic effects | dilated pupils
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| Nerve cell vocab: dendrite? axon? myelin sheath? node? "blister packs"? | dendrite: receive message
axon: carry impulse away from cell body
myelin: insulator of axon tail
node: exposed area bn myelin
Pack: neurotransmitters are stored
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| saltatory conduction? cable conduction? | salt: electrical impulse jump from node to node, quick
cable: electrical impulse thru axon, not jump, not myelin, slower
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| what is the functional unit of the brain? Can they regenerate? two types? | neuron, yes
myelinated(motor run from brain to body, saltatory), unmyelinated(sensory from body to brain, cable)
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| What is length of time optimal for neuron recover of fx? | 1-2 years
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| What makes up the BBB to protect body? What freely moves in/out BBB? | BBB: astrocytes with macrophages and allows glucose/O2
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| the neurotransmitter that is excitatory in the ANS in many parts of brain | acetylcholine
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| neurotransmitter, excitatory in SNS in brain stem, hypothalamus and affects mood and overall activity | norepi
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| neurotransmitter, in basal ganglia, inhibitory affecting behavior, fine mvmt and decr in parkinson's? Incr causes? | dopamine
psychosis
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| neurotransmitter, excitatory, inihibits pain, gives pleasure, body' Morphine found in spine, brain stem, thalamus | Enkephalin, endorphin
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| neurotransmitter, inhibitory and has increase in alcohol withdrawal, Versed, benzo's | GABA
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| What comprises the CNS | brain stem, spinal cord
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| What is the seat of consciousness? | cerebrum
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| Cerebrum controls? | voluntary mvmt, higher fx: memories, emotions, IQ
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| What separates the two hemispheres of the brain | corpus collosum
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| The Diencephalon controls hormones and sensory input, what r two important glands are part of this | thalamus
hypothalamus
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| the thalamus acts as a _______ for nerve impulses? The hypothalamus is the _______ for all ANS systems? | Tha: sensory relay, switching station
Hypo: master control/gland, reg. temp, pituitary gland, water balance, circadian rhythms, hunger and appetite
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| What two problems can occur when the water balance of the hypothalamus is disturbed? | Diabetes Insipidus and SAIDH
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| The frontal lobe is the largest and responsible for | judgement, personality, inhibitions, foresight
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| Located in the back of the frontal lobe is ________ and controls _________. It is contralateral. | motor strip, voluntary motor fx
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| What is the are for motor area of speech? Which side is it typically located? Define expressive aphasia and dysphasia. | Broca's area on left.
Exp Aph: inability to speak
dys: difficulty speaking
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| This lobe interprets from the thalamus sensory information in the brain. | parietal lobe
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| The sensory strip is located where? | front of parietal lobe, next to motor strip
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| The temporal lobe is location of what? | auditory, taste, smell receptive areas, near Broca's area
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| This special area controls hearing and understand of what we heard | Wernicke Area
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| What is auditory receptive aphasia | in ability to understand the sounds of speech. Ability to speak is not affected. Difficulty naming objects...Wellow for yellow. Anxiety makes worse
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| What lobe controls visual interpretation | Occipital lobe
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| What is the term for losing ability to both understand and communicate? | Global Aphasia
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| What happens in the midbrain? Pons? medulla oblongata? | mid: auditory/visual reflexes, sleep/wake, temp reg.
pon: sleep, resp, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, eye mvmt, facial sensation, posture
Med: cardiac, resp, vomit, vasomotor, autonomic fx, cranial nerves IX - XII
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| What happens in cerebellum? | equillibrium, posture, muscle tone, proprioception. Romberg test for ataxia, balance
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| What are three layers of brain from outter to inner | Dura Mater: outter cover CNS
Arachnoid Mater: produces CNF by plexus, villi absorb CSF
Pia Mater: hugs brain, circle of Willis
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| What is the purpose of CSF? What are pressures of recumbent position? sitting? | cushioning, sterile, number tubes in spinal tap, no blood after 1st
recumbent: 60-180
sit: 200-350
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| What is the largest art in the brain? | middle cerebral art where most strokes are
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| What is most important for brain activity to exist? | glucose and oxygen
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| What is unique about cerebral veins? | no valves, so blood flow in vv depends on gravity and BP
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| How can you bypass BBB? | intrathecal
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| TIA vs RIND | TIA: reduction of blood for up to 24hr and resolves self.
RIND: ischemia lasts 24-48h
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| Describe the 31 pairs of nerves which are part of the peripheral nervous system. | 8 cervical...5th effect diaphragm
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
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| Where does spinal cord end and where is spinal tap done? | L2
L3-L4
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| Sensory nerves travel how? Locate where on horn? What two tests are done to test this? | from the body to brain(ascending) and located posterior horns(upper).
Two point location and stereognosis(ability to recognize object by feel)
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| motor pathways are locate where? How do they travel? | anterior horns(lower) and travel from brain to body(descending)
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| Motor pathways have two levels describe them | upper: go from brain down spine. Damage is usually due to stroke/trauma and leave pt w/o mvmt of muscle, but have clonus(bouncing)
lower: from spine to muscles. Pt feel like muscle should work, but not and damage is to spinal cord
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| How does a pain signal travel in the body? | step on nail, sensory detects stimuli to move body. Brain send signa thru motor pathway to inhibit mvmt.
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| What are the 12 cranial nerves? | On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Finn and German Viewed Some Hops...olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal
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| Which one are somatic/motor/both | Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more.
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| I Olfactory? Test? II Optic? III Oculomotor? | olf: (S) smell
Opt: (S) visual acuity and fields
Ocu: (M) moves eyes/lids, papillary constriction, lens accomodation
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| IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens | Troch: (M) muscles that move eyes up/d
Tri: (B)facial sensation, corneal reflex
Abd: (M)musclese that move eyes lateral
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| VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Spinal Accessory XII Hypoglossal | Vest: (S)acoustic, hearing equilibrium
Gloss: (B)taste, swallowing
Vag:(B)slows heart, bronchoconstrict
Sp Acc: (M) shrug shoulder
Hypo: tongue
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| Area of the body that each of the spinal nerves effect are our | dermatones
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| The bear is attacking you and what NS is stimulated and how? What neurotransmitters are involved? | SNS-sympathetic
dilate pupils, bronchioles, art dilate to heart, constrict to peripheral, glucose released from liver, peristalsis slows, BP incr
epi/norepi
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| Where are sympathetic neruons located on spinal cord? | thoracic and lumbar
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| You are eating the bear and what NS is stimulated and how? What neurotransmitters are involved? | PSNS-parasympathetic
decr BP, bronchioles constrict, peristalsis incr, pupil constrict.
Acetylcholine
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| Where are parasympathetic neruons located on spinal cord? | brain stem and below L2
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| Loss of upper motor neurons cause? Loss of lower motor neurons cause? | upper: hemiplegia(paralysis arm/leg same side of body
lower: lost reflexes, flaccid, atrophy
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| Pt has flexion and internal rotation of arms/wrists and extension, plantar flexion, int rotation of feet | decortication C's
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| Pt has extension and external rotation of arms/wrists and extension, plantar flexion and internal rot of feet | decerebration
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| Pt has no motor fx, limp, lack motor tone | flaccid
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| What is the homunculus? | somatosensory on frontal and temporal lobe and motor strip on parietal and occipital lobe in brain
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| Cranial nerve tests for I, II | I: pleasant smells under ea nostril
II: Snellen chart, test visual field(sup,inf,lat)
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| Test for Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI | Darken room and shine light on pupil, should constrict and other eye should constrict
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| Test for Cranial Nerve V | V: normal = equal strength in muscle
tongue blade bn teeth and tug.
Strong blink if corneal touched
Brush skin in three areas of face and say sharp, soft sensation
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| Test for Cranial Nerve VII, VIII | VII: frown,smile, puff cheeks, whistle, wrinkle forehead.
try to pry open closed eyelids
sense salt from sugar on ant. tongue
VIII: Whisper "99"
Romberg test for balance
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| Test for cranial nerve IX, X, XI, XII | IX & X: check gag reflex
XI: raise shoulders against resistance, turn chin against resistance
XII: stick out tongue
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Created by:
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