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NSG 210 Ch. 60
Assessment of Neurologic Fx
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| weakness of both legs and lower part of trunk? | paraparesis |
| Which cerebral lobe contain auditory receptive areas? | temporal |
| Cerebral lobe largest and controls abstract thought? | frontal |
| Cranial nerve for facial sensation and corneal reflex? | 5, Trigeminal |
| (upper, lower) motor neurons cause no muscle atrophy | upper |
| recording electrical activity of muscle | electromyogram |
| what are sympathetic effects | dilated pupils |
| Nerve cell vocab: dendrite? axon? myelin sheath? node? "blister packs"? | dendrite: receive message axon: carry impulse away from cell body myelin: insulator of axon tail node: exposed area bn myelin Pack: neurotransmitters are stored |
| saltatory conduction? cable conduction? | salt: electrical impulse jump from node to node, quick cable: electrical impulse thru axon, not jump, not myelin, slower |
| what is the functional unit of the brain? Can they regenerate? two types? | neuron, yes myelinated(motor run from brain to body, saltatory), unmyelinated(sensory from body to brain, cable) |
| What is length of time optimal for neuron recover of fx? | 1-2 years |
| What makes up the BBB to protect body? What freely moves in/out BBB? | BBB: astrocytes with macrophages and allows glucose/O2 |
| the neurotransmitter that is excitatory in the ANS in many parts of brain | acetylcholine |
| neurotransmitter, excitatory in SNS in brain stem, hypothalamus and affects mood and overall activity | norepi |
| neurotransmitter, in basal ganglia, inhibitory affecting behavior, fine mvmt and decr in parkinson's? Incr causes? | dopamine psychosis |
| neurotransmitter, excitatory, inihibits pain, gives pleasure, body' Morphine found in spine, brain stem, thalamus | Enkephalin, endorphin |
| neurotransmitter, inhibitory and has increase in alcohol withdrawal, Versed, benzo's | GABA |
| What comprises the CNS | brain stem, spinal cord |
| What is the seat of consciousness? | cerebrum |
| Cerebrum controls? | voluntary mvmt, higher fx: memories, emotions, IQ |
| What separates the two hemispheres of the brain | corpus collosum |
| The Diencephalon controls hormones and sensory input, what r two important glands are part of this | thalamus hypothalamus |
| the thalamus acts as a _______ for nerve impulses? The hypothalamus is the _______ for all ANS systems? | Tha: sensory relay, switching station Hypo: master control/gland, reg. temp, pituitary gland, water balance, circadian rhythms, hunger and appetite |
| What two problems can occur when the water balance of the hypothalamus is disturbed? | Diabetes Insipidus and SAIDH |
| The frontal lobe is the largest and responsible for | judgement, personality, inhibitions, foresight |
| Located in the back of the frontal lobe is ________ and controls _________. It is contralateral. | motor strip, voluntary motor fx |
| What is the are for motor area of speech? Which side is it typically located? Define expressive aphasia and dysphasia. | Broca's area on left. Exp Aph: inability to speak dys: difficulty speaking |
| This lobe interprets from the thalamus sensory information in the brain. | parietal lobe |
| The sensory strip is located where? | front of parietal lobe, next to motor strip |
| The temporal lobe is location of what? | auditory, taste, smell receptive areas, near Broca's area |
| This special area controls hearing and understand of what we heard | Wernicke Area |
| What is auditory receptive aphasia | in ability to understand the sounds of speech. Ability to speak is not affected. Difficulty naming objects...Wellow for yellow. Anxiety makes worse |
| What lobe controls visual interpretation | Occipital lobe |
| What is the term for losing ability to both understand and communicate? | Global Aphasia |
| What happens in the midbrain? Pons? medulla oblongata? | mid: auditory/visual reflexes, sleep/wake, temp reg. pon: sleep, resp, swallowing, bladder control, hearing, eye mvmt, facial sensation, posture Med: cardiac, resp, vomit, vasomotor, autonomic fx, cranial nerves IX - XII |
| What happens in cerebellum? | equillibrium, posture, muscle tone, proprioception. Romberg test for ataxia, balance |
| What are three layers of brain from outter to inner | Dura Mater: outter cover CNS Arachnoid Mater: produces CNF by plexus, villi absorb CSF Pia Mater: hugs brain, circle of Willis |
| What is the purpose of CSF? What are pressures of recumbent position? sitting? | cushioning, sterile, number tubes in spinal tap, no blood after 1st recumbent: 60-180 sit: 200-350 |
| What is the largest art in the brain? | middle cerebral art where most strokes are |
| What is most important for brain activity to exist? | glucose and oxygen |
| What is unique about cerebral veins? | no valves, so blood flow in vv depends on gravity and BP |
| How can you bypass BBB? | intrathecal |
| TIA vs RIND | TIA: reduction of blood for up to 24hr and resolves self. RIND: ischemia lasts 24-48h |
| Describe the 31 pairs of nerves which are part of the peripheral nervous system. | 8 cervical...5th effect diaphragm 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
| Where does spinal cord end and where is spinal tap done? | L2 L3-L4 |
| Sensory nerves travel how? Locate where on horn? What two tests are done to test this? | from the body to brain(ascending) and located posterior horns(upper). Two point location and stereognosis(ability to recognize object by feel) |
| motor pathways are locate where? How do they travel? | anterior horns(lower) and travel from brain to body(descending) |
| Motor pathways have two levels describe them | upper: go from brain down spine. Damage is usually due to stroke/trauma and leave pt w/o mvmt of muscle, but have clonus(bouncing) lower: from spine to muscles. Pt feel like muscle should work, but not and damage is to spinal cord |
| How does a pain signal travel in the body? | step on nail, sensory detects stimuli to move body. Brain send signa thru motor pathway to inhibit mvmt. |
| What are the 12 cranial nerves? | On Old Olympus Towering Tops A Finn and German Viewed Some Hops...olfactory, optic, oculomotor, trochlear, trigeminal, abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear, glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory, hypoglossal |
| Which one are somatic/motor/both | Some say marry money but my brother says big boobs matter more. |
| I Olfactory? Test? II Optic? III Oculomotor? | olf: (S) smell Opt: (S) visual acuity and fields Ocu: (M) moves eyes/lids, papillary constriction, lens accomodation |
| IV Trochlear V Trigeminal VI Abducens | Troch: (M) muscles that move eyes up/d Tri: (B)facial sensation, corneal reflex Abd: (M)musclese that move eyes lateral |
| VIII Vestibulocochlear IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus XI Spinal Accessory XII Hypoglossal | Vest: (S)acoustic, hearing equilibrium Gloss: (B)taste, swallowing Vag:(B)slows heart, bronchoconstrict Sp Acc: (M) shrug shoulder Hypo: tongue |
| Area of the body that each of the spinal nerves effect are our | dermatones |
| The bear is attacking you and what NS is stimulated and how? What neurotransmitters are involved? | SNS-sympathetic dilate pupils, bronchioles, art dilate to heart, constrict to peripheral, glucose released from liver, peristalsis slows, BP incr epi/norepi |
| Where are sympathetic neruons located on spinal cord? | thoracic and lumbar |
| You are eating the bear and what NS is stimulated and how? What neurotransmitters are involved? | PSNS-parasympathetic decr BP, bronchioles constrict, peristalsis incr, pupil constrict. Acetylcholine |
| Where are parasympathetic neruons located on spinal cord? | brain stem and below L2 |
| Loss of upper motor neurons cause? Loss of lower motor neurons cause? | upper: hemiplegia(paralysis arm/leg same side of body lower: lost reflexes, flaccid, atrophy |
| Pt has flexion and internal rotation of arms/wrists and extension, plantar flexion, int rotation of feet | decortication C's |
| Pt has extension and external rotation of arms/wrists and extension, plantar flexion and internal rot of feet | decerebration |
| Pt has no motor fx, limp, lack motor tone | flaccid |
| What is the homunculus? | somatosensory on frontal and temporal lobe and motor strip on parietal and occipital lobe in brain |
| Cranial nerve tests for I, II | I: pleasant smells under ea nostril II: Snellen chart, test visual field(sup,inf,lat) |
| Test for Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI | Darken room and shine light on pupil, should constrict and other eye should constrict |
| Test for Cranial Nerve V | V: normal = equal strength in muscle tongue blade bn teeth and tug. Strong blink if corneal touched Brush skin in three areas of face and say sharp, soft sensation |
| Test for Cranial Nerve VII, VIII | VII: frown,smile, puff cheeks, whistle, wrinkle forehead. try to pry open closed eyelids sense salt from sugar on ant. tongue VIII: Whisper "99" Romberg test for balance |
| Test for cranial nerve IX, X, XI, XII | IX & X: check gag reflex XI: raise shoulders against resistance, turn chin against resistance XII: stick out tongue |
Created by:
palmerag
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