MrsC Med Term Chap 5 Digestive
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| Ingestion | Food material taken into mouth
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| Digestion | food is broken down and travels through the gastrointestinal tract
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| Absorption | Digested food passes into bloodstream through lining cells of small intestine
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| Elimination | Body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into bloodstream
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| Mastication | chewing the food
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| Deglutition | swallowing
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| Bucc/o | cheek
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| Celi/o | belly, abdomen
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| Dent/i | tooth
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| Esophago/o | esophagus
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| Sialaden/o | salivary gland
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| -ase | enzyme
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| -chezia | defecation
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| -iasis | abnormal condition
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| -prandial | meal
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| Anorexia | lack of appetite
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| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
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| Eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth
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| Steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter
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| Aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers
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| Dental caries | tooth decay
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| Herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus
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| Oral leukoplakia | white plaques or patches
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| Periodontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth and surrounding bone
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| Esophageal varices | swollen, varicose veins at lower end of the esophagus
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| Gastric carcinoma | malignant tumor of the stomach
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| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
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| peptic ulcer | Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum
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| hernia | Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
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| anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus
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| colonic polyposis | Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon.
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| colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both
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| Crohn disease | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract.
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| diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall.
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| dysentery | Painful, inflamed intestines
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| hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region
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| ileus | Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines
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| intussusception | Telescoping of the intestines
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| IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome- group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
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| ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers
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| volvulus | Twisting of the intestines on itself
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| cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver
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| pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas
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| viral hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus
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| Achlorhydria | Lack of hydrochloric acid.
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| Amylase | Enzyme that digests starch.
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| Appendectomy | Removal (resection) of the appendix.
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| Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix.
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| Biliary | Pertaining to bile.
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| buccal mucosa | The mucous membrane (mucosa) lining the cheek.
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| Cecal | Pertaining to the cecum.
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| Celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen.
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| cheilosis | Abnormal condition of the lips.
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| Cholecystectomy | Removal of the gallbladder.
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| choledochojejunostomy | New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum; anastomosis.
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| Choledocholithiasis | Condition of stones in the common bile duct.
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| Choledochotomy | Incision of the common bile duct.
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| cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition of gallstones in the gallbladder
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| Colonic | Pertaining to the colon.
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| Colonoscopy | Process of visual examination of the colon.
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| colostomy | New opening of the colon to the outside of the body.
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| Dentibuccal | Pertaining to tooth and cheek.
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| Duodenal | Pertaining to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine).
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| Endodontist | Dentist specializing in operating within the tooth (root canal specialist).
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| Enterocolitis | Inflammation of the small and large intestines.
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| Enteroenterostomy | New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine.
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| esophageal | Pertaining to the esophagus.
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| Facial | Pertaining to the face.
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| Gastrojejunostomy | New opening between the stomach and the jejunum; anastomosis.
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| Gastrostomy | New opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall.
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| gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums.
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| Gluconeogenesis | Production of new sugar from proteins and fats (by the liver).
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| Glycogenolysis | Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar (glucose).
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| Hematochezia | Bright red blood in the feces.
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| hepatoma | Tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma.
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| Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver.
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| hyperbilirubinemia | Excess bilirubin in the blood; jaundice.
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| Hyperglycemia | High blood sugar.
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| Hypoglossal | Pertaining to under the tongue.
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| ileitis | Inflammation of the ileum.
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| Ileocecal | sphincter Pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum.
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| Ileostomy | New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body.
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| labial | Pertaining to the lip.
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| laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdomen.
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| Lipase | Enzyme to digest fats.
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| lipoma | Tumor of fat (benign).
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| lithogenesis | Formation of a stone (calculus).
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| mesentery | Membrane that holds the intestines together (literally, middle of the intestines).
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| oral | Pertaining to the mouth.
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| Orthodontist | Dentist specializing in straightening teeth.
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| Palatopharyngoplasty | Surgical repair of the palate and throat.
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| Palatoplasty | Surgical repair of the palate
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| pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas.
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| parenteral | Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances any wayother than through the digestive tract).
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| Perianal | Pertaining to surrounding the anus.
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| periodontist | Dentist specializing in gums.
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| Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum.
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| pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat.
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| Postprandial | Pertaining to after meals.
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| Proctologist | Specialist in the anus and rectum.
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| Protease | Enzyme that digests protein.
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| Pyloroplasty | Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter.
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| Rectocele | Hernia of the rectum.
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| Sialadenitis | Inflammation of salivary glands.
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| sialolith | Salivary (gland) stone.
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| Sigmoidoscopy | Visual examination of the sigmoid colon.
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| Steatorrhea | Discharge of fats (in feces).
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| Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth.
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| Sublingual | Pertaining to under the tongue.
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| Submandibular | Pertaining to under the lower jaw.
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| Uvulectomy | Removal of the uvula
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