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MrsC Med Term Chap 5
MrsC Med Term Chap 5 Digestive
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Ingestion | Food material taken into mouth |
Digestion | food is broken down and travels through the gastrointestinal tract |
Absorption | Digested food passes into bloodstream through lining cells of small intestine |
Elimination | Body eliminates solid waste materials that cannot be absorbed into bloodstream |
Mastication | chewing the food |
Deglutition | swallowing |
Bucc/o | cheek |
Celi/o | belly, abdomen |
Dent/i | tooth |
Esophago/o | esophagus |
Sialaden/o | salivary gland |
-ase | enzyme |
-chezia | defecation |
-iasis | abnormal condition |
-prandial | meal |
Anorexia | lack of appetite |
Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
Eructation | gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth |
Steatorrhea | fat in the feces; frothy, foul smelling fecal matter |
Aphthous stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth with small, painful ulcers |
Dental caries | tooth decay |
Herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth by infection with the herpes virus |
Oral leukoplakia | white plaques or patches |
Periodontal disease | inflammation and degeneration of the gums, teeth and surrounding bone |
Esophageal varices | swollen, varicose veins at lower end of the esophagus |
Gastric carcinoma | malignant tumor of the stomach |
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach |
peptic ulcer | Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum |
hernia | Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it |
anal fistula | Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus |
colonic polyposis | Polyps protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon. |
colorectal cancer | Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both |
Crohn disease | Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract. |
diverticulosis | Abnormal side pockets (outpouchings) in the intestinal wall. |
dysentery | Painful, inflamed intestines |
hemorrhoids | Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region |
ileus | Failure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines |
intussusception | Telescoping of the intestines |
IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome- group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension |
ulcerative colitis | Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers |
volvulus | Twisting of the intestines on itself |
cirrhosis | Chronic degenerative disease of the liver |
pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas |
viral hepatitis | Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus |
Achlorhydria | Lack of hydrochloric acid. |
Amylase | Enzyme that digests starch. |
Appendectomy | Removal (resection) of the appendix. |
Appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix. |
Biliary | Pertaining to bile. |
buccal mucosa | The mucous membrane (mucosa) lining the cheek. |
Cecal | Pertaining to the cecum. |
Celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen. |
cheilosis | Abnormal condition of the lips. |
Cholecystectomy | Removal of the gallbladder. |
choledochojejunostomy | New opening between the common bile duct and the jejunum; anastomosis. |
Choledocholithiasis | Condition of stones in the common bile duct. |
Choledochotomy | Incision of the common bile duct. |
cholelithiasis | Abnormal condition of gallstones in the gallbladder |
Colonic | Pertaining to the colon. |
Colonoscopy | Process of visual examination of the colon. |
colostomy | New opening of the colon to the outside of the body. |
Dentibuccal | Pertaining to tooth and cheek. |
Duodenal | Pertaining to the duodenum (first part of the small intestine). |
Endodontist | Dentist specializing in operating within the tooth (root canal specialist). |
Enterocolitis | Inflammation of the small and large intestines. |
Enteroenterostomy | New opening between two previously unconnected parts of the small intestine. |
esophageal | Pertaining to the esophagus. |
Facial | Pertaining to the face. |
Gastrojejunostomy | New opening between the stomach and the jejunum; anastomosis. |
Gastrostomy | New opening into the stomach through the abdominal wall. |
gingivitis | Inflammation of the gums. |
Gluconeogenesis | Production of new sugar from proteins and fats (by the liver). |
Glycogenolysis | Breakdown of glycogen to form sugar (glucose). |
Hematochezia | Bright red blood in the feces. |
hepatoma | Tumor (malignant) of the liver; hepatocellular carcinoma. |
Hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver. |
hyperbilirubinemia | Excess bilirubin in the blood; jaundice. |
Hyperglycemia | High blood sugar. |
Hypoglossal | Pertaining to under the tongue. |
ileitis | Inflammation of the ileum. |
Ileocecal | sphincter Pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum. |
Ileostomy | New opening of the ileum to the outside of the body. |
labial | Pertaining to the lip. |
laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdomen. |
Lipase | Enzyme to digest fats. |
lipoma | Tumor of fat (benign). |
lithogenesis | Formation of a stone (calculus). |
mesentery | Membrane that holds the intestines together (literally, middle of the intestines). |
oral | Pertaining to the mouth. |
Orthodontist | Dentist specializing in straightening teeth. |
Palatopharyngoplasty | Surgical repair of the palate and throat. |
Palatoplasty | Surgical repair of the palate |
pancreatitis | Inflammation of the pancreas. |
parenteral | Pertaining to apart from the intestines (refers to delivery of substances any wayother than through the digestive tract). |
Perianal | Pertaining to surrounding the anus. |
periodontist | Dentist specializing in gums. |
Peritonitis | Inflammation of the peritoneum. |
pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat. |
Postprandial | Pertaining to after meals. |
Proctologist | Specialist in the anus and rectum. |
Protease | Enzyme that digests protein. |
Pyloroplasty | Surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter. |
Rectocele | Hernia of the rectum. |
Sialadenitis | Inflammation of salivary glands. |
sialolith | Salivary (gland) stone. |
Sigmoidoscopy | Visual examination of the sigmoid colon. |
Steatorrhea | Discharge of fats (in feces). |
Stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth. |
Sublingual | Pertaining to under the tongue. |
Submandibular | Pertaining to under the lower jaw. |
Uvulectomy | Removal of the uvula |