NP Chapter 24 CCC PN105
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| When diagnostic tests are ordered, the nurse should (4 things) | Assess patient knowledge; Determine special nursing measures for patient safety; Assess wounds; Assess patient allergies
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| What allergy can indicate potential allergic reaction to iodine, used in medication, diagnostic tests, and wound cleaning? | shellfish
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| Hematology is | The study of blood and its components
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| CBC means | complete blood count
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| CBC can help determine | information about the state of health or presence of illness
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| Hematocrit (HCT) measures | the separate of blood and the amount of blood cells in relation to the amount of plasma
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| Hemoglobin (Hgb) measures | the capacity of blood to transport O2 from lungs to tissues
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| HCT normal range | 37-54 mL/dL
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| Hgb normal range | 12-18 g/dL
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| Platelets (PLT) are | essential to blood clotting
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| Platelet normal range | 150,000-400,000/mm2
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| Where is blood glucose testing commonly performed? | at patient bedside or in physician office by nurse
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| What does blood glucose level determine? | Amount of insulin therapyh for diabetics
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| Blood glucose testing varies depending upon... | manufacturer guidlines for equipment
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| To test blood glucose levels, nurse will | fingerstick patient to obtain capillary blood
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| Blood Glucose normal range | 70-100
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| Blood glucose testing procedure | have patient hang chosen hand downward; follow manufacturer directions for setting lancet and test strip; skin should be pierced deeply enough to provide free blood flow with little pressure; lightly squeeze finger and apply blood drop to test strip
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| Urinalysis testing determines | iinformation about kidney function or other body functions and diseases
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| Urine should be tested quickly after collection because... | urine deteriorates quickly
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| Urine composition varies depending upon... | fluid intake and diet
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| Urine specimens are classified as (3 types) | Single, cathetherized, or random; Midstream; Timed, long-period
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| To perform this type of urine collection: external genitalia are cleansed, small amount of urine is passed, and urine is collected midvoiding in sterile container | Midstream urine specimen
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| Midstream urine specimens are used for | urine cultures when a bladder infection is suspected
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| To perform this type of urine collection: collected of 12- or 24-hr period and container must be kept on ice or preserved | Timed, long-period urine specimen
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| Timed, long-period urine specimens are used for | determining kidney function and possible glomrulonephritis or acute tubular necrosis
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| For all urinalysis, this information is needed | where obtained (clean catch, cath, patient self, etc)
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| Bacteriology tests | blood, urine, feces, wound drainage, and other body fluids or tissues to identify disease-causing organisms
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| Aseptic technique must be used for which bacteriology tests? | culture and sensitivity
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| Histology is | the study of tissues
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| Cytology is | the study of cells
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| Histology and Cytology tests more commonly include | biopsies
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| Ultrasonography is | record of the reflection of sound waves directed into tissues
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| Ultrasounds diagnose pathologic condtions of the... | uterus, ovaries, prostate, heart, liver, kidneys, pancreas, gallbladder, lymph nodes, thyroid, eyes, and peripheral blood vessels
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| Ultrasounds are often used in conjunction with | nuclear medicine scans
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| Types of radiology procedures (3 types) | x-rays, fluroscopy, cineradiography
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| x-rays | produce image of denser tissues by passing rays through the part to expose a film
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| which is more common: x-rays, fluroscopy, cineradiography | x-rays
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| fluroscopy | used to sxamine movement; rays passed through a body part and projected on a fluroscent screen
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| cineradiography | adds a video camera to the fluroscent equipment to make a photographic record of the procedure
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| Computed Tomography Scan (CT Scan) | computer enhanced x-rays to allow examination of horizontal section of the body at various angles to define tissue density
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| CT scan colors indicate | different densities of organs
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| Most CT scans are invansive or non-invasive | Non-invasive, but consent may be required for scans using a contrast medium
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| Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | non-invasive method of differentiating normal for abnormal tissue in the body
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| MRIs are commonly used for these body parts | brain, knee joints, spine, spinal cord, and abdominal organs
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| Patients with metal devices cannot use MRIs because.... | machine emits a strong magnetic field
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| MRI is contraindicated in patients with... | hip prostheses, implanted pacemakers, defribrillators, atrificial cardiac valves, vascular clips, or staples from recent surgeries
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| Claustrophobia is a common issue with this type of diagnostic procedure | MRI
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| To help calm patient before MRI, try... | deep-breathing and relaxation techniques
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| MRI patient teaching is important because | duration of tests can change and the environment is noisy
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| All invasive tests, premedication, or sedation require | patient consent
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