Stack #107700
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| 5000-10000/mm3 | WBC
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| 4.5 -5.5 mil | RBC
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| 12-16 g/dl | HGB
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| 35-55 % | HCT
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| 150000-400000/MM3 | PLATELETS
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| 135-145 mEq/l | SODIUM
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| 3.5-5 mEq/l | POTASSIUM
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| 95-105mEq/l | Cl-
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| 4.5-5.5mEq/l | Ca++
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| 1.5-2.5 mEq/l | MAGNESIUM
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| 8-20 mg/dl | BUN
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| 0.5-1.5 mg/dl | Creatinine
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| 3.5-5.0 g/dl | Albumin
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| 60-100 mg/dl | FBS
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| pH | 7.35-7.45
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| paC02 | 35-45 mm Hg
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| pa02 | 80-100 mg Hg
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| HCO3 | 22-26 mEq
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| Troponin | < .03ng
troponin t < .2 ng
AMI, cardiac chest pain myocardial damage
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| PT | 10-13 sec
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| PTT | 60-70 secs
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| A1C glycosylated Hgb | 5.5-9% of total Hgb nondiabetic 2-5% Diabetic Control 2.5-6% Diabetic Uncontrol over 8%
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| UA | Color Light straw to dark amber appearance clear Odor Aromatic pH 4.5-8.0 SG 1.003-1.030 WBC 3-4 RBC 1-2
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| HCT INCREASE | CHRONIC HYPOXIA, SEVERE DEHYDRRATION, BURNS
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| HCT DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, ANEMIA, CIRRHOSIS
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| HGB | PARTIAL MEASUREMENT OF THE BODY'S OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY
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| HGB INCREASE | HIGH ALTITUDES, COPD, CHF
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| HGB DECREASED | HEMORRHAGE, CANCER, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
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| WBC | DEFEND BODY AGAINST INFECTIONS
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| PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW | WBC
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| WBC INCREASE | INCREASE IN INFECTION, TRAUMA, STRESS, INFLAMMATION
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| WBC DECREASE | DECREASE IN DRUG TOXICITY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, BONE MARROW FAILURE
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| NEUTROPHILS INCREASE | BACTERIAL INFECTION
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| MONOCYTES INCREASE | RECOVERY OF INFECTION
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| LYMPHOCYTES | FIGHTS CHRONIC BACTERAL AND ACUTE VIRAL INFECTION
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| RBC FUNCTION | DELIVER OXYGEN TO CELLS
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| RBC INCREASE | IN HIGH ALTITUDES, DEHYDRATION, SEVERE DIARRHEA
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| RBC DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, ANEMIA, CANCER PREGNANCY, AND CHRONIC ILLNESS
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| PLATELETS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR | CLOTTING, CLUMP TOGETHER WITH VESSEL INJURY
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| PLATELETS INCREASE | CANCER, TRAUMA, CIRRHOSIS
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| PLATELETS DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, LEUKEMIA, LIVER DISEASE, CHEMOTHERAPY
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| PT MEASURES | CLOTTING ABILITY
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| WHEN GIVING COUMIDIN LOOK AT WHAT LABS | PT AND INR
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| ALBUMIN DECREASE INDICATES | PROTEIN MALNUTRITION, DECREASE IN HEALING
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| SODIUM DOES WHAT | FLUID BALANCE, CONDUCTS NERVE IMPULSES
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| POTASSIUM DOES WHAT | NEUROMUSCULAR IMPULSES, ACID BASE BALANCE, KIDNEYS SECRETE
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| CALCIUM DOES WHAT | MUSCLE CONTRACTION, BLOOD COAGUALATION
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| CALCIUM | STORED IN BONES, NERVE IMPULSES
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| MAGNESIUM | NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION
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| SODIUM SOURCES | TABLE SALT
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| CAUSES OF HYPONATREMIA | INCREASED PERSPIRATION, DRINKING PLAIN WATER, GI SUCTION AND IRRIGATION WITH PLAIN WATER, POTENT DIURETICS, burns, inflammation
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| LOW SODIUM SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | LETHARGY, HYPOTENSION, VOMITING, OLIGURIA, CRAMPS
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| CAUSES OF HYPERNATREMIA | DECREASED WATER INTAKE, DIARRHEA, IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION
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| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF YPERNATREMIA | EDEMA, DRY STICKY MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ELEVATED TEMP, FLUSHED SKIN, THIRST
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| CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | DIURETICS, BURNS, TRAUMA, COLITIS
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| CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | UNCONTROLLED DIABETES, EXCESSIVE PERSPIRATION, KIDNEY DISEASE
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| CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | KIARRHEA, VOMITING, GASTRIC SUCTION, CHF
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| S & S OF LOW POTASSIUM | CARDIAC IRREGULARITIES, DYSPNEA, RESPIRATORY ARREST, DECREASED BP, DECREASED REFLEXES, V, FLATULENCE, MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION
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| Kt NI | I&O, ORAL OR IV INTAKE OF Kt, EKG CHANGES, CHECK POT LEVEL, CHECK RENAL FUNC
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| EXCESSIVE CAUSES OF POTASSIUM | INGESTION OF POT, RENAL FAILURE, DIURETICS, NaCl substitutes, chemo, gi bleeding, burns
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| S&S of increased pot level | oliguria, nausea, weakness, diarrhes, cramps, cardiac dysrhythmias
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| calcium sources | milk, chees, sardines, salmon
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| causes of low calcium | massive infection, burns, acute pancreatitis,
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| S&S of hypocalcium | cramps, tingling, numbness, hyperactive reflexes, cardiac dysrhythmias, trousseuau's sign
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| calcium nI | teach proper use of antacids, teach proper use of laxatives
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| Excess Calcium causes | excessive v-D ingestion, cacer, thiazide diuretics, prolonged bedrest, renal disease
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| S&S of excessive calcium | renal calculi, anorexia, dehydration, wt. loss, EKG changes, deep bone pain, muscle weakness, flank pain, lethargy
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| NI for increase calcium | increase mobility, diuresis, avoid large doses of V-D, adequate hydration
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| Cl- sources | table salt
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| causes of low chloride | decreased dietary intake, diarrhea, vomiting, gastric suctioning
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| S&S of low chloride | depressed breathing, hypertonicity, agitation, edema, dyspnea, increased HR, HTN
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| Dehydration causes | increase HR and Pulse
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| NI for Low Chloride | salty broth, oral or IV chloride meds
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| Excessive Causes of Chloride | dehydration, excessive ingestion of ammonium chloride
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| S&S of excessive chloride | metabolic acidosis, tachypnea, weakness, decreased cognitive ability
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| NI for excessive Chloride | assess respirations, assess neuro status, IV of Lactate Ringers
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| Magnesium is for | neuromuscular function
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| Magnesium Value | 1.7 mEz-2.3 mEq/L
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| Sources of Mg+ | fruit, peas, beans, nuts
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| causes of hypomagnesemia | vomiting, diarrhea, chronic alcoholism, impaired GI absorption
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| S&S of Hypomagnesemia | disorientation, convulsion, hyperactive deep reflexes, tremors
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| NI for hypomagnesemia | seizure precautions
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| causes for increase magnesiam-hypermagnesia | chronic renal insufficiency, excessive magnesium containing antacids, dehydration
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| S&S of Hypermagnesia | hypotension, respiratory paralysis
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| BUN decrease | severe liver damage, low protein diet, overhydration, malnutrition, IV fluids(gluclose)
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| BUN increase | dehydration; high protein intake, gi bleeding, prerenal failure, renal blood supply caused by CHF, DM, AMI, renal failure, diuretics, licorice, ATB, antihypertensive agents
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| creatinine increase | acute and chronic renal failure, cancer ,hodgkins', leukemias
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| creatinine decrease | pregnancy, eclampsia
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| FBS decrease | hypoglycemic reaction insulin excess, cancer malnutrition, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver
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| FBS increase | DM, diabetes acidosis, cushing's syndrome, AMI, stress burns, infections, renal failure CHF, hyperglycemia
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| albumin increase | dehydration, exercise
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| albumin decreased | chronic liver disease, malnutrition, starvation, HF, Chronic renal failure, Burns, SLE, malabsorption syndrome
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| ph less than 7.35 is | acidosis
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| ph greater than 7.45 is | alkalosis
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| A1C increase | uncontrolled dm, hyperglycemia, alcohol ingestion, pregnancy , hemodialysis
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| A1C decrease | anemias, thalassemia, long-term blood loss, chronic renal failure
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| PTT decrease | extensive cancer
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| PTT increase | factor deficiency, cirrhosis of the liver V-K deficiency, leukemias, malaria, heparin, salicylates
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| PT decreased | Thrombophelebitis, mi, pulmonary embolism
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| PT increase | liver diseases, chf, erythroblastosis fetalis, keukemias
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| respiratory acidosis | paco2 goes up and ph goes down
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| respiratory alkalosis | paco2 goes down and ph goes up
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| metabolic acidosis | ph down and hco3 down
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| metabolic alkalosis | phup and hco3 up
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| pac02 is not abnormal | no respiratory dysfunction
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| resp alkalosis | ph up
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| resp acidosis | ph down
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| hco3 and ph same elevator | metabolic problem
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| pao2 normal, mild hhpoxemia | 80-100 mmHg, 70-80 mmHg
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| moderate hypox, severe hypox | 60-70 mmHg , 60 or less
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