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Stack #107700
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 5000-10000/mm3 | WBC |
| 4.5 -5.5 mil | RBC |
| 12-16 g/dl | HGB |
| 35-55 % | HCT |
| 150000-400000/MM3 | PLATELETS |
| 135-145 mEq/l | SODIUM |
| 3.5-5 mEq/l | POTASSIUM |
| 95-105mEq/l | Cl- |
| 4.5-5.5mEq/l | Ca++ |
| 1.5-2.5 mEq/l | MAGNESIUM |
| 8-20 mg/dl | BUN |
| 0.5-1.5 mg/dl | Creatinine |
| 3.5-5.0 g/dl | Albumin |
| 60-100 mg/dl | FBS |
| pH | 7.35-7.45 |
| paC02 | 35-45 mm Hg |
| pa02 | 80-100 mg Hg |
| HCO3 | 22-26 mEq |
| Troponin | < .03ng troponin t < .2 ng AMI, cardiac chest pain myocardial damage |
| PT | 10-13 sec |
| PTT | 60-70 secs |
| A1C glycosylated Hgb | 5.5-9% of total Hgb nondiabetic 2-5% Diabetic Control 2.5-6% Diabetic Uncontrol over 8% |
| UA | Color Light straw to dark amber appearance clear Odor Aromatic pH 4.5-8.0 SG 1.003-1.030 WBC 3-4 RBC 1-2 |
| HCT INCREASE | CHRONIC HYPOXIA, SEVERE DEHYDRRATION, BURNS |
| HCT DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, ANEMIA, CIRRHOSIS |
| HGB | PARTIAL MEASUREMENT OF THE BODY'S OXYGEN CARRYING CAPACITY |
| HGB INCREASE | HIGH ALTITUDES, COPD, CHF |
| HGB DECREASED | HEMORRHAGE, CANCER, IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA |
| WBC | DEFEND BODY AGAINST INFECTIONS |
| PRODUCED IN BONE MARROW | WBC |
| WBC INCREASE | INCREASE IN INFECTION, TRAUMA, STRESS, INFLAMMATION |
| WBC DECREASE | DECREASE IN DRUG TOXICITY, AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE, BONE MARROW FAILURE |
| NEUTROPHILS INCREASE | BACTERIAL INFECTION |
| MONOCYTES INCREASE | RECOVERY OF INFECTION |
| LYMPHOCYTES | FIGHTS CHRONIC BACTERAL AND ACUTE VIRAL INFECTION |
| RBC FUNCTION | DELIVER OXYGEN TO CELLS |
| RBC INCREASE | IN HIGH ALTITUDES, DEHYDRATION, SEVERE DIARRHEA |
| RBC DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, ANEMIA, CANCER PREGNANCY, AND CHRONIC ILLNESS |
| PLATELETS ARE ESSENTIAL FOR | CLOTTING, CLUMP TOGETHER WITH VESSEL INJURY |
| PLATELETS INCREASE | CANCER, TRAUMA, CIRRHOSIS |
| PLATELETS DECREASE | HEMORRHAGE, LEUKEMIA, LIVER DISEASE, CHEMOTHERAPY |
| PT MEASURES | CLOTTING ABILITY |
| WHEN GIVING COUMIDIN LOOK AT WHAT LABS | PT AND INR |
| ALBUMIN DECREASE INDICATES | PROTEIN MALNUTRITION, DECREASE IN HEALING |
| SODIUM DOES WHAT | FLUID BALANCE, CONDUCTS NERVE IMPULSES |
| POTASSIUM DOES WHAT | NEUROMUSCULAR IMPULSES, ACID BASE BALANCE, KIDNEYS SECRETE |
| CALCIUM DOES WHAT | MUSCLE CONTRACTION, BLOOD COAGUALATION |
| CALCIUM | STORED IN BONES, NERVE IMPULSES |
| MAGNESIUM | NEUROMUSCULAR FUNCTION |
| SODIUM SOURCES | TABLE SALT |
| CAUSES OF HYPONATREMIA | INCREASED PERSPIRATION, DRINKING PLAIN WATER, GI SUCTION AND IRRIGATION WITH PLAIN WATER, POTENT DIURETICS, burns, inflammation |
| LOW SODIUM SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS | LETHARGY, HYPOTENSION, VOMITING, OLIGURIA, CRAMPS |
| CAUSES OF HYPERNATREMIA | DECREASED WATER INTAKE, DIARRHEA, IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION |
| SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF YPERNATREMIA | EDEMA, DRY STICKY MUCOUS MEMBRANES, ELEVATED TEMP, FLUSHED SKIN, THIRST |
| CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | DIURETICS, BURNS, TRAUMA, COLITIS |
| CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | UNCONTROLLED DIABETES, EXCESSIVE PERSPIRATION, KIDNEY DISEASE |
| CAUSES OF LOW POTASSIUM | KIARRHEA, VOMITING, GASTRIC SUCTION, CHF |
| S & S OF LOW POTASSIUM | CARDIAC IRREGULARITIES, DYSPNEA, RESPIRATORY ARREST, DECREASED BP, DECREASED REFLEXES, V, FLATULENCE, MUSCLE DYSFUNCTION |
| Kt NI | I&O, ORAL OR IV INTAKE OF Kt, EKG CHANGES, CHECK POT LEVEL, CHECK RENAL FUNC |
| EXCESSIVE CAUSES OF POTASSIUM | INGESTION OF POT, RENAL FAILURE, DIURETICS, NaCl substitutes, chemo, gi bleeding, burns |
| S&S of increased pot level | oliguria, nausea, weakness, diarrhes, cramps, cardiac dysrhythmias |
| calcium sources | milk, chees, sardines, salmon |
| causes of low calcium | massive infection, burns, acute pancreatitis, |
| S&S of hypocalcium | cramps, tingling, numbness, hyperactive reflexes, cardiac dysrhythmias, trousseuau's sign |
| calcium nI | teach proper use of antacids, teach proper use of laxatives |
| Excess Calcium causes | excessive v-D ingestion, cacer, thiazide diuretics, prolonged bedrest, renal disease |
| S&S of excessive calcium | renal calculi, anorexia, dehydration, wt. loss, EKG changes, deep bone pain, muscle weakness, flank pain, lethargy |
| NI for increase calcium | increase mobility, diuresis, avoid large doses of V-D, adequate hydration |
| Cl- sources | table salt |
| causes of low chloride | decreased dietary intake, diarrhea, vomiting, gastric suctioning |
| S&S of low chloride | depressed breathing, hypertonicity, agitation, edema, dyspnea, increased HR, HTN |
| Dehydration causes | increase HR and Pulse |
| NI for Low Chloride | salty broth, oral or IV chloride meds |
| Excessive Causes of Chloride | dehydration, excessive ingestion of ammonium chloride |
| S&S of excessive chloride | metabolic acidosis, tachypnea, weakness, decreased cognitive ability |
| NI for excessive Chloride | assess respirations, assess neuro status, IV of Lactate Ringers |
| Magnesium is for | neuromuscular function |
| Magnesium Value | 1.7 mEz-2.3 mEq/L |
| Sources of Mg+ | fruit, peas, beans, nuts |
| causes of hypomagnesemia | vomiting, diarrhea, chronic alcoholism, impaired GI absorption |
| S&S of Hypomagnesemia | disorientation, convulsion, hyperactive deep reflexes, tremors |
| NI for hypomagnesemia | seizure precautions |
| causes for increase magnesiam-hypermagnesia | chronic renal insufficiency, excessive magnesium containing antacids, dehydration |
| S&S of Hypermagnesia | hypotension, respiratory paralysis |
| BUN decrease | severe liver damage, low protein diet, overhydration, malnutrition, IV fluids(gluclose) |
| BUN increase | dehydration; high protein intake, gi bleeding, prerenal failure, renal blood supply caused by CHF, DM, AMI, renal failure, diuretics, licorice, ATB, antihypertensive agents |
| creatinine increase | acute and chronic renal failure, cancer ,hodgkins', leukemias |
| creatinine decrease | pregnancy, eclampsia |
| FBS decrease | hypoglycemic reaction insulin excess, cancer malnutrition, alcoholism, cirrhosis of the liver |
| FBS increase | DM, diabetes acidosis, cushing's syndrome, AMI, stress burns, infections, renal failure CHF, hyperglycemia |
| albumin increase | dehydration, exercise |
| albumin decreased | chronic liver disease, malnutrition, starvation, HF, Chronic renal failure, Burns, SLE, malabsorption syndrome |
| ph less than 7.35 is | acidosis |
| ph greater than 7.45 is | alkalosis |
| A1C increase | uncontrolled dm, hyperglycemia, alcohol ingestion, pregnancy , hemodialysis |
| A1C decrease | anemias, thalassemia, long-term blood loss, chronic renal failure |
| PTT decrease | extensive cancer |
| PTT increase | factor deficiency, cirrhosis of the liver V-K deficiency, leukemias, malaria, heparin, salicylates |
| PT decreased | Thrombophelebitis, mi, pulmonary embolism |
| PT increase | liver diseases, chf, erythroblastosis fetalis, keukemias |
| respiratory acidosis | paco2 goes up and ph goes down |
| respiratory alkalosis | paco2 goes down and ph goes up |
| metabolic acidosis | ph down and hco3 down |
| metabolic alkalosis | phup and hco3 up |
| pac02 is not abnormal | no respiratory dysfunction |
| resp alkalosis | ph up |
| resp acidosis | ph down |
| hco3 and ph same elevator | metabolic problem |
| pao2 normal, mild hhpoxemia | 80-100 mmHg, 70-80 mmHg |
| moderate hypox, severe hypox | 60-70 mmHg , 60 or less |
Created by:
BALES2
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